Workplace exposure to nanoparticles from gas metal arc welding process

Zhang, Meibian; Jian, Le; Bin, Pingfan; Xing, Mingluan; Lou, Jianlin; Cong, Liming; Zou, Hua

doi:10.1007/s11051-013-2016-4

Cited by 31 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Over 65% of particles were of less than 100-nm diameter at all workplaces. A similar finding (60.7%) was reported during gas metal arc welding (Zhang et al, 2013). Nano-sized particles have a large surface area.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Comparison of Nanoparticle Exposure Levels Based on Facility Type—Small-Scale Laboratories, Large-Scale Manufacturing Workplaces, and Unintended Nanoparticle-Emitting Workplaces

Ham

Kim

Lee

et al. 2015

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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The aims of this study were to investigate the concentrations and characteristics of nanoparticle exposure at various workplaces. We compared the concentration and characteristics of nanoparticles at nine workplaces of three types; i.e., small laboratories (LAB), large-scale engineered nanoparticle manufacturing workplaces (ENP), and unintended nanoparticle-emitting workplaces (UNP), using real-time monitoring devices including scanning mobility particle sizers (SMPS), condensation particle counters (CPC), surface area monitors (SAM), and gravimetric sampling. ANOVA and Scheffe's post hoc tests were performed to compare the concentration based on the type of workplace. The concentrations at UNPs were higher than those at other types of workplace for all measured metrics followed by (in order) ENP manufacturing workplaces and LAB (p < 0.01). Geometric means and geometric standard deviations of LAB, ENP, and UNP for total number concentration measured using SMPS were 8,458 (1.41), 19,612 (2.18), and 84,172 (2.80) particles cm , respectively. The characteristics of exposure and size distributions differed among the workplaces. Some tasks or processes at LAB exhibited higher concentrations than those at ENP or UNP workplaces, and LAB showed the lowest concentration. In conclusion, we observed different exposure characteristics at LAB, ENP, and UNP suggesting that different risk management strategies are required.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…2(h)). A unimodal size distribution was also reported for gas metal arc welding processes (Zhang et al, 2013). In addition, bimodal size distributions were detected during some tasks at LAB and ENP.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Comparison of Nanoparticle Exposure Levels Based on Facility Type—Small-Scale Laboratories, Large-Scale Manufacturing Workplaces, and Unintended Nanoparticle-Emitting Workplaces

Ham

Kim

Lee

et al. 2015

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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show abstract

“…Therefore, the indoor background particles were a mix of the outdoor background particles, which were the predominant particles, and those of a-Fe 2 O 3 , which were present in a smaller amount. This result was supported by our previous study on workplace exposure to NPs due to welding processes (Zhang et al, 2013); that study had shown a small number of NPs from the welding operation in the previous workshift remained suspended in the air, eventually becoming a part of the indoor background.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Exposure characteristics of ferric oxide nanoparticles released during activities for manufacturing ferric oxide nanomaterials

Xing

Zhang

Zou

et al. 2015

Inhalation Toxicology

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The exposure characteristics of Fe2O3 nanoparticles (NPs) released in a factory were investigated, as exposure data on this type of NP is absent. The nature of the particles was identified in terms of their concentrations [i.e. number concentration (NC(20-1000 nm)), mass concentration (MC(100-1000 nm)), surface area concentration (SAC(10-1000 nm))], size distribution, morphology and elemental composition. The relationships between different exposure metrics were determined through analyses of exposure ranking (ER), concentration ratios (CR), correlation coefficients and shapes of the particle concentration curves. Work activities such as powder screening, material feeding and packaging generated higher levels of NPs as compared to those of background particles (p < 0.01). The airborne Fe2O3 NPs exhibited a unimodal size distribution and a spindle-like morphology and consisted predominantly of the elements O and Fe. Periodic and activity-related characteristics were noticed in the temporal variations in NC(20-1000 nm) and SAC(10-1000 nm). The modal size of the Fe2O3 NPs remained relatively constant (ranging from 10 to 15 nm) during the working periods. The ER, CR values and the shapes of NC(20-1000 nm) and SAC(10-1000 nm) curves were similar; however, these were significantly different from those for MC(100-1000 nm). There was a high correlation between NC(20-1000 nm) and SAC(10-1000 nm), and relatively lower correlations between the two and MC(100-1000 nm). These findings suggest that the work activities during the manufacturing processes generated high levels of primary Fe2O3 NPs. The particle concentrations exhibited periodicity and were activity dependent. The number and SACs were found to be much more relevant metrics for characterizing NPs than was the mass concentration.

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“…Cascade Impactor and the Micro-Orifice Uniform Deposit Impactor (MOUDI) [42,43]. The major drawbacks associated with this class are possible significant changes in the size distribution of particles due to the high-pressure difference inside the instrument and changes in physiochemical characteristics of the particles due to interactions with one another or the gas.…”

Section: Instruments and Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sampling efficiency is greatly influenced by particle size and could deteriorate in very small sizes (<20 nm) due to the diffusion in sampling line or inlet system. Following particle collection on appropriate substrates, common methods to determine bulk chemical composition, morphology (electron microscopy [44,43]) and single chemical composition analysis (energy-dispersive X-ray [40,31]) are usually applied.…”

Section: Instruments and Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupational Release of Engineered Nanoparticles: A Review

Faghihi

Morawska

2015

The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry

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Characterising the release of different types of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) from various processes is of critical importance for the assessment of human exposure, as well as understanding the possible health effects of these particles. Therefore, the main aim of this chapter is to present a comprehensive review of studies which report on the release of airborne ENPs in different nanotechnology workplaces. The chapter will cover topics of relevance to the occupational characterisation of ENP emissions, ranging from the identification of different particle release sources and scenarios to measurement methods and working towards a more uniform approach to characterisation. Furthermore, a brief review of ENP exposure control strategies, together with the application of mathematical modelling as an effective tool for the characterisation of emissions at nanotechnology workplaces, is included.

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Workplace exposure to nanoparticles from gas metal arc welding process

Cited by 31 publications

References 33 publications

Comparison of Nanoparticle Exposure Levels Based on Facility Type—Small-Scale Laboratories, Large-Scale Manufacturing Workplaces, and Unintended Nanoparticle-Emitting Workplaces

Comparison of Nanoparticle Exposure Levels Based on Facility Type—Small-Scale Laboratories, Large-Scale Manufacturing Workplaces, and Unintended Nanoparticle-Emitting Workplaces

Exposure characteristics of ferric oxide nanoparticles released during activities for manufacturing ferric oxide nanomaterials

Occupational Release of Engineered Nanoparticles: A Review

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