World Distribution of Brook Trout, <i>Salvelinus fontinalis</i>

MacCrimmon, Hugh R.; Campbell, J. S.

doi:10.1139/f69-159

Cited by 146 publications

(116 citation statements)

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“…The brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis, a char native to eastern North America (MacCrimmon and Campbell 1969), has been successfully introduced into 31 countries and 38 U.S. states outside of its native range (Helfman 2007). In the late 1800s, brook trout were brought to California and were widely distributed around the state.…”

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confidence: 99%

Brook Trout Removal as a Conservation Tool to Restore Eagle Lake Rainbow Trout

Carmona-Catot

Moyle

Aparicio

et al. 2010

N American J Fish Manag

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Abstract.-Nonnative brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis are abundant in Pine Creek and its main tributary, Bogard Spring Creek, California. These creeks historically provided the most spawning and rearing habitat for endemic Eagle Lake rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss aquilarum. Three-pass electrofishing removal was conducted in 2007-2009 over the entire 2.8-km length of Bogard Spring Creek to determine whether brook trout removal was a feasible restoration tool and to document the life history characteristics of brook trout in a California meadow stream. After the first 2 years of removal, brook trout density and biomass were severely reduced from 15,803 to 1,192 fish/ha and from 277 to 31 kg/ha, respectively. Average removal efficiency was 92-97%, and most of the remaining fish were removed in the third year. The lack of a decrease in age-0 brook trout abundance between 2007 and 2008 after the removal of more than 4,000 adults in 2007 suggests compensatory reproduction of mature fish that survived and higher survival of age-0 fish. However, recruitment was greatly reduced after 2 years of removal and is likely to be even more depressed after the third year of removal assuming that immigration of fish from outside the creek continues to be minimal. Brook trout condition, growth, and fecundity indicated a stunted population at the start of the study, but all three features increased significantly every year, demonstrating compensatory effects. Although highly labor intensive, the use of electrofishing to eradicate brook trout may be feasible in Bogard Spring Creek and similar small streams if removal and monitoring are continued annually and if other control measures (e.g., construction of barriers) are implemented. Our evidence shows that if brook trout control measures continue and if only Eagle Lake rainbow trout are allowed access to the creek, then a self-sustaining population of Eagle Lake rainbow trout can become reestablished.

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confidence: 99%

Brook Trout Removal as a Conservation Tool to Restore Eagle Lake Rainbow Trout

Carmona-Catot

Moyle

Aparicio

et al. 2010

N American J Fish Manag

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“…Brook trout are also found downstream from their stocking sites, reflecting their capacity to disperse (cf. MacCrimmon & Campbell 1969;Scott & Crossman 1973). They therefore had access to a greater number of sites than those that were stocked directly.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The environmental conditions in most of the localities that were stocked with brook trout are generally regarded as suitable, as most of them are oligotrophic cold-water lakes (cf. MacCrimmon & Campbell 1969;Scott & Crossman 1973). Attempts to establish brook trout outside their native distribution area suggest that water temperature is the most important single factor that limits their geographic range (MacCrimmon & Campbell 1969).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These have included three salmonid species; brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis MITCHILL, 1815), rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss WALBAUM, 1792) and brown trout (Salmo trutta L., 1758) (MacCrimmon & Marshall 1968;MacCrimmon & Campbell 1969;MacCrimmonn 1971;Scott & Crossman 1973). Brook trout are native to northeastern North America (MacCrimmon & Campbell 1969;Scott & Crossman 1973). However, since the late 1800s, attempts have been made to establish brook trout all over the world, mainly due to its appeal as a sport fish.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distribution of non-native brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) across Norwegian waterbodies – is it an invasive species?

2018

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Non-native brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis MITCHILL, 1815) was introduced into Norway in 1883. However, it was not until the late 1970s that this acid-tolerant salmonid species was stocked into many acidified lakes that many populations became established. In 2004, all brook trout stocking in Norway ceased. In this study, we surveyed the distribution of brook trout in Norwegian water bodies. A totally of 202 self-sustaining populations were identified, mostly in unregulated lakes (n=101), streams (n=71) and also to some extent in reservoirs (n=25). Only four populations were found in inland rivers, and one population in a river with Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). Localities with brook trout covered a wide range of altitudes and sizes. Analyses of time-series catches in sympatric populations of brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) and brook trout from 12 lakes (1997-2012) revealed a strong decline in brook trout stocks. A similar development in abundance has also emerged from other studies in recent years. Generally, lake-dwelling brook trout is regarded as a low-risk species with respect to invasiveness. However, brook trout/brown trout interactions may be habitat-specific, as brook trout may dominate in small and relatively cold streams.

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“…Both species spawn at the same time and often hybridise producing infertile offspring (MacCrimmon and Campbell 1969). When introduced to the lakes of Tatra Mountains (Witkowski 1996c) the species caused considerable changes in the structure of planktonic crustacean communities (Dawidowicz and Gliwicz 1983), and probably contributed also to the disappearance of a relic phyllopod-Branchinecta paludosa (see Kownacki 2004).…”

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confidence: 99%