World Population and Food Availability

Rosen, Stacey L.; Shapouri, Shahla

doi:10.1201/9781420077544.ch22

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…The burgeoning interest in familial searching has reignited a national conversation about the propriety of the method that focuses on legal and ethical issues [21,22]. The major concerns are two-fold: first, is familial searching actually efficacious, and second, does it adequately respect privacy and equality interests?…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Only one study, by a multidisciplinary team of researchers, attempted to calculate the general discriminatory impact and concluded that roughly ''four times as much of the African-American population as the U.S. Caucasian population would be 'under surveillance' as a result of family forensic DNA'' [2]. It is this estimation that scholars, policymakers and the popular press have latched upon as a means of quantifying the racial impact of familial searching [21,[27][28][29], and while helpful, it is nonetheless an approximation reached before any specific policy was in place to be examined.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Correction: The Influence of Relatives on the Efficiency and Error Rate of Familial Searching

Rohlfs¹,

Murphy²,

Song³

et al. 2014

PLoS ONE

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We investigate the consequences of adopting the criteria used by the state of California, as described by Myers et al. (2011), for conducting familial searches. We carried out a simulation study of randomly generated profiles of related and unrelated individuals with 13-locus CODIS genotypes and YFilerH Y-chromosome haplotypes, on which the Myers protocol for relative identification was carried out. For Y-chromosome sharing first degree relatives, the Myers protocol has a high probability (80*99%) of identifying their relationship. For unrelated individuals, there is a low probability that an unrelated person in the database will be identified as a first-degree relative. For more distant Y-haplotype sharing relatives (half-siblings, first cousins, half-first cousins or second cousins) there is a substantial probability that the more distant relative will be incorrectly identified as a first-degree relative. For example, there is a 3*18% probability that a first cousin will be identified as a full sibling, with the probability depending on the population background. Although the California familial search policy is likely to identify a first degree relative if his profile is in the database, and it poses little risk of falsely identifying an unrelated individual in a database as a first-degree relative, there is a substantial risk of falsely identifying a more distant Yhaplotype sharing relative in the database as a first-degree relative, with the consequence that their immediate family may become the target for further investigation. This risk falls disproportionately on those ethnic groups that are currently overrepresented in state and federal databases.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correction: The Influence of Relatives on the Efficiency and Error Rate of Familial Searching

Rohlfs¹,

Murphy²,

Song³

et al. 2014

PLoS ONE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Food Sovereignty in the Era of Land Grabbing: An African Perspective

Ambalam

2014

JSD

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Food is a basic human right. One of the humanity's significant achievements has been to produce adequate food for the largest growing population. However, the co-existence of chronic hunger and malnutrition with presence of adequate capacities to address it is one of the gravest paradoxes of our time. In one-third of African countries the average daily calorie intake remains below the recommended level of 2100 kcal. The need and importance for greater food sovereignty has emerged out of broader concerns over the negative impact of world's food system on food security and environmental sustainability. Adoption of the food sovereignty principles are essential to empower local communities to have greater control over their productive resources, use and sustain ecologically friendly means of production, and access local markets as well as nutritious and culturally accepted food. The majority of African farmers are smallholders. However, the existing trend of land grabbing in Africa seriously affects food sovereignty in an unprecedented level. Based on the secondary sources, this paper explores different dimensions of the complex relationship between food sovereignty and land grabbing in African countries. It also analyses the various aspects on how the ongoing process of land grabbing in Africa affects food sovereignty which in turn leads to food insecurity of millions. The introduction of intensive agricultural production, due to land grabbing often based on a transformation of complex farming systems for commercial purpose can seriously threaten biodiversity. There is a need to balance the local circumstance while favouring large scale agricultural projects.

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World Population and Food Availability

Cited by 2 publications

References 1 publication

Correction: The Influence of Relatives on the Efficiency and Error Rate of Familial Searching

Correction: The Influence of Relatives on the Efficiency and Error Rate of Familial Searching

Food Sovereignty in the Era of Land Grabbing: An African Perspective

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