“…The students' outside-of-class preparation fundamentally affected what happened during the subsequent in-class time together. This type of pre-class preparation also brought a diverse group of students to a similar level before lecture/lab (Novak, 1997;Marrs, & Novak, 2004). A number of studies have outlined medical students' preference for mobile apps to deliver content as opposed to other more traditional resources (Gutmann, Kühbeck, Berberat, Fischer, Engelhardt, & Sarikas, 2015;Sandholzer, Rurik, Deutsch, & Frese, 2014).…”