Worldwide occurrence of haemoplasmas in wildlife: Insights into the patterns of infection, transmission, pathology and zoonotic potential

Millán, Javier; Cataldo, Sophia Di; Volokhov, Dmitriy V.; Becker, Daniel J.

doi:10.1111/tbed.13932

Cited by 42 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 135 publications

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“…As Bartonella spp. and possibly haemoplasmas likely depend in part on vector‐borne transmission (Becker, Bergner, et al, 2018; Millán et al., 2007), ectoparasite mortality from contaminants in hosts or the environment could also explain observed infection patterns (e.g. as found for some avian ectoparasites; Eeva & Klemola, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disentangling interactions among mercury, immunity and infection in a Neotropical bat community

Becker

Speer

Korstian

et al. 2020

Journal of Applied Ecology

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Contaminants such as mercury are pervasive and can have immunosuppressive effects on wildlife. Impaired immunity could be important for forecasting pathogen spillover, as many land‐use changes that generate mercury contamination also bring wildlife into close contact with humans and domestic animals. However, the interactions among contaminants, immunity and infection are difficult to study in natural systems, and empirical tests of possible directional relationships remain rare. We capitalized on extreme mercury variation in a diverse bat community in Belize to test association among contaminants, immunity and infection. By comparing a previous dataset of bats sampled in 2014 with new data from 2017, representing a period of rapid agricultural land conversion, we first confirmed bat species more reliant on aquatic prey had higher fur mercury. Bats in the agricultural habitat also had higher mercury in recent years. We then tested covariation between mercury and cellular immunity and determined if such relationships mediated associations between mercury and bacterial pathogens. As bat ecology can dictate exposure to mercury and pathogens, we also assessed species‐specific patterns in mercury–infection relationships. Across the bat community, individuals with higher mercury had fewer neutrophils but not lymphocytes, suggesting stronger associations with innate immunity. However, the odds of infection for haemoplasmas and Bartonella spp. were generally lowest in bats with high mercury, and relationships between mercury and immunity did not mediate infection patterns. Mercury also showed species‐ and clade‐specific relationships with infection, being associated with especially low odds for haemoplasmas in Pteronotus mesoamericanus and Dermanura phaeotis. For Bartonella spp., mercury was associated with particularly low odds of infection in the genus Pteronotus but high odds in the subfamily Stenodermatinae. Synthesis and application. Lower general infection risk in bats with high mercury despite weaker innate defense suggests contaminant‐driven loss of pathogen habitat (i.e. anemia) or vector mortality as possible causes. Greater attention to these potential pathways could help disentangle relationships among contaminants, immunity and infection in anthropogenic habitats and help forecast disease risks. Our results also suggest that contaminants may increase infection risk in some taxa but not others, emphasizing the importance of considering surveillance and management at different phylogenetic scales.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disentangling interactions among mercury, immunity and infection in a Neotropical bat community

Becker

Speer

Korstian

et al. 2020

Journal of Applied Ecology

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“…It is important to highlight that the transmission of haemoplasmas through aggressive inter-actions may occur between cats (Museux et al, 2009) and wild rodents (Gerbillus andersoni) (Cohen et al, 2018). Considering that hemoplasma species from animals have already been found infecting and causing infectious anaemia in humans (Yuan et al, 2009;Maggi et al, 2013;Maggi et al, 2013;Sykes et al, 2010), associated to the fact that 'Candidatus Mycoplasma haematohominis' , which causes disease in humans, probably has its natural host in bats (Millán et al, 2020;Descloux et al, 2020), the zoonotic potential of 'Ca. M. haematonasua' may be considered, particularly in the INP.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

‘ Candidatus Mycoplasma haematonasua’ and tick‐borne pathogens in ring‐tailed coatis ( Nasua nasua Linnaeus, 1976) from the Iguaçu National Park, Paraná State, southern Brazil

Collere

Delai

Ferrari

et al. 2021

Transbound Emerg Dis

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The Iguaçu National Park (INP) is the largest remnant of Atlantic Forest in southern Brazil, representing an ecological continuum with Argentina. The INP harbours a diverse fauna, with ring-tailed coatis (Nasua nasua Linnaeus, 1976, Carnivora: Procyonidae) in close contact with tourists either begging and/or snatching food from visitors. A potentially novel haemotropic Mycoplasma sp. has been previously detected in the ring-tailed coatis from central-western and southern Brazil. Therefore, the aims of this study were to investigate the occurrence of haemotropic Mycoplasma sp. and tickborne pathogens in wild ring-tailed coatis from the INP, Foz do Iguaçu municipality, Paraná State, southern Brazil. Blood samples were collected from 18 wild ring-tailed coatis and evaluated by conventional PCR (cPCR) assays for haemotropic Mycoplasma spp. (16S and 23S rRNA), Theileria/Babesia spp. (18S rRNA) and Ehrlichia/Anaplasma spp. (16S rRNA, sodB, dsb and groEL). Eight out of 18 (44.44%; 95% CI: 24.56%-66.28%) animals were positive for haemotropic Mycoplasma spp. All ring-tailed coatis tested negative for Theileria/Babesia spp. and only one out of 18 (5.56%; 95% CI: 0.99%-25.76%) animals tested positive for Ehrlichia/Anaplasma spp. by the 16S rRNA cPCR. Unfortunately, multiple attempts to sequence the 16S rRNA gene of the Ehrlichia/Anaplasma-positive sample have failed. Phylogenetic and network analysis of the hemoplasma 16S and 23S rRNA gene fragments confirmed that animals were infected by a potentially novel haemotropic Mycoplasma sp. previously reported in ringtailed coatis from Brazil. The name 'Candidatus Mycoplasma haematonasua' is proposed for this novel organism.

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“…In cases like this, pet animal sanctuaries could work as foci of transmission for Salmonella spp. among humans and animals if acceptable control measures are not provided [27]. Information on antibiotic resistance phenotypes and genotypes of Salmonella spp.…”

Section: Enterobacteriaceae As a Significant Public Health Concern In Human Medicinementioning

confidence: 99%

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2021

LOJPCR

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Antimicrobials are vital instruments for the treatment of contagious bacteriological infections in pet animals, as well as in humans. The demise of the effectiveness of antimicrobial substances can honestly deal with pet animal health and human health. A necessity for the enhancement of innovative antimicrobials for the treatment of multiresistant infections, specifically those caused by Gram-negative bacteria, has been recognized in human medicine, and an imminent subsequent demand in veterinary medicine is required. A distinctive feature associated with antimicrobial resistance and the risk of resistance development in pet animals is their close interaction in conjunction with humans. This generates chances for interspecies transmission of resistant bacteria. This review aims to recapitulate the current information on the use and indications for the Enterobacteriaceae family in pet animals and the spread of antimicrobial resistance among pet animals and their owners. The critical antimicrobial resistance microbiological threats from pet animals that directly or indirectly may cause adverse health effects in humans are carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp. and Salmonella spp.

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Worldwide occurrence of haemoplasmas in wildlife: Insights into the patterns of infection, transmission, pathology and zoonotic potential

Abstract: Article type : ReviewWorldwide occurrence of hemoplasmas in wildlife: insights into the patterns of infection, transmission, pathology, and zoonotic potential

Cited by 42 publications

References 135 publications

Disentangling interactions among mercury, immunity and infection in a Neotropical bat community

Disentangling interactions among mercury, immunity and infection in a Neotropical bat community

‘ Candidatus Mycoplasma haematonasua’ and tick‐borne pathogens in ring‐tailed coatis ( Nasua nasua Linnaeus, 1976) from the Iguaçu National Park, Paraná State, southern Brazil

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