Worrisome isolation: noninvasive genetic analyses shed light on the critical status of a remnant jaguar population

Srbek‐Araujo, Ana Carolina; Haag, Taiana; Chiarello, Adriano Garcia; Salzano, Francisco M.; Eizirik, Eduardo

doi:10.1093/jmammal/gyy007

Cited by 26 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Moreover, all jaguar home ranges completely or partially included protected areas, with the majority of all locations within protected areas (mean = 75%), which may further explain the lack of relationship between home range size and anthropogenic factors as protected areas likely buffer negative effects of the surrounding anthropogenic matrix. Concurrently, jaguars appear to be confined to preferred habitats within or adjacent to protected areas which is apparent in the The extensive loss of Atlantic forest has been the driving factor in the near extirpation of the jaguar within the biome (Paviolo et al 2016), while the remaining populations are increasingly isolated (DeAngelo et al 2013;Paviolo et al 2016;Thompson and Velilla 2017) and exhibit drift-induced loss of genetic diversity (Haag et al 2010;Roques et al 2016;Srbek-Araujo et al 2018). The high fidelity of jaguars to protected areas and avoidance of the surrounding anthropogenic matrix suggests that exchange among the remaining populations of Atlantic forest jaguars is limited.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial ecology of Paraguay’s last remaining Atlantic forest jaguars (Panthera onca): implications for their long-term survival

McBride

Thompson

2018

Preprint

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Using GPS telemetry we quantified space use and movements of jaguar (Panthera onca) in remnant populations in the Paraguayan Atlantic forest within a comparative context with populations in the Argentine and Brazilian Atlantic forest. Mean estimated home range size was 160 km 2 ; estimated to be nearly equal to jaguars in the Morro do Diabo State Park in Brazil but jaguars in other populations in Argentina and Brazil had a 73% (Iguazú/Iguaçu national park complex) and 96% (Ivinhema State Park) probability of having larger home ranges. We found no relationship between home range size or movements and human population or the Human Footprint Index, while 75% of locations from all individuals were in protected areas. Our data 2 and analysis highlight the dependence of Atlantic forest jaguars on protected areas, an avoidance of the landscape matrix and an extreme isolation of the remaining Paraguayan Atlantic forest jaguars.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial ecology of Paraguay’s last remaining Atlantic forest jaguars (Panthera onca): implications for their long-term survival

McBride

Thompson

2018

Preprint

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“…Finally, we suggest that our results raise troubling concerns about the survival of the melanistic polymorphism given the current threats to populations of jaguar and other felids from fragmentation, habitat loss, and increasing human presence (De la Torre et al, 2018;Srbek-Araujo et al, 2018).…”

mentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Many subpopulations of jaguar face accelerating threats from deforestation, fragmentation, road building, and illegal hunting (De la Torre et al, 2018;Espinosa et al, 2018;Srbek-Araujo et al, 2018). According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List, jaguar is listed as Near Threatened with declining populations (Quigley et al, 2018).…”

Section: Implications For Conservationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Selection of Melanism in Costa Rican Jaguar and Oncilla: A Test of Gloger’s Rule and the Temporal Segregation Hypothesis

Mooring

Eppert

Botts

2020

Tropical Conservation Science

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The persistence of coat color polymorphisms-such as the coexistence of melanistic and "wild-type" coat color-is an ongoing evolutionary puzzle. We tested the predictions of Gloger's rule and the Temporal Segregation hypothesis that propose that melanistic individuals will (a) occur more frequently in closed tropical forest versus open habitat due to camouflage and thermoregulation advantages and (b) be more active during brighter times of the circadian and lunar cycle because black pigmentation is cryptic under bright illumination. Based on 10 years of camera trap records of jaguar and oncilla from dense tropical forest in Costa Rica, we compared activity and relative abundance of non-melanistic wild-type morphs (rosetted or spotted) versus melanistic morphs. Twenty-five percent of jaguar records in dense forest were melanistic compared with the global average of 10% in both open and closed habitats; 32% of oncilla records were melanistic compared with 18% overall in Brazil. Overlap analysis indicated that melanistic jaguars were more active during daylight hours compared with non-melanistic jaguars, which were more nocturnal and crepuscular. Likewise, melanistic oncillas were significantly more diurnal than non-melanistic oncillas; melanistic oncillas were also more active during full moon, while nonmelanistic oncillas were less active. These results imply that melanistic jaguar and oncilla enjoy the adaptive benefits of superior camouflage when inhabiting dense forest and accrue a fitness advantage when hunting during conditions of brighter illumination. If true, natural selection would ensure that melanistic individuals persist when dense forest is retained but may be threatened by deforestation and accelerating human presence.

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“…More recently, human‐driven habitat alteration, fragmentation and destruction, among other drivers of biodiversity loss, are fuelling the decline and subdivision of populations into small and isolated fragments where random genetic drift becomes the main evolutionary force. The result is often the loss of genetic variation, an increase in inbreeding in the population, and the genetic differentiation among populations (Benazzo et al, ; Srbek‐Araujo, Haag, Chiarello, Salzano, & Eizirik, ; Thatte, Joshi, Vaidyanathan, Landguth, & Ramakrishnan, ). Recent, human‐driven genetic divergence among populations must be considered together with the effects of long‐term evolution in isolation, which enable adaptive divergence and, eventually, speciation, as possible factors shaping current genetic patterns (Allendorf, Luikart, & Aitken, ; Frankham, Ballou, & Briscoe, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic patterns in the widespread Eurasian lynx shaped by Late Quaternary climatic fluctuations and anthropogenic impacts

et al. 2020

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Disentangling the contribution of long‐term evolutionary processes and recent anthropogenic impacts to current genetic patterns of wildlife species is key to assessing genetic risks and designing conservation strategies. Here, we used 80 whole nuclear genomes and 96 mitogenomes from populations of the Eurasian lynx covering a range of conservation statuses, climatic zones and subspecies across Eurasia to infer the demographic history, reconstruct genetic patterns, and discuss the influence of long‐term isolation and/or more recent human‐driven changes. Our results show that Eurasian lynx populations shared a common history until 100,000 years ago, when Asian and European populations started to diverge and both entered a period of continuous and widespread decline, with western populations, except Kirov, maintaining lower effective sizes than eastern populations. Population declines and increased isolation in more recent times probably drove the genetic differentiation between geographically and ecologically close westernmost European populations. By contrast, and despite the wide range of habitats covered, populations are quite homogeneous genetically across the Asian range, showing a pattern of isolation by distance and providing little genetic support for the several proposed subspecies. Mitogenomic and nuclear divergences and population declines starting during the Late Pleistocene can be mostly attributed to climatic fluctuations and early human influence, but the widespread and sustained decline since the Holocene is more probably the consequence of anthropogenic impacts which intensified in recent centuries, especially in western Europe. Genetic erosion in isolated European populations and lack of evidence for long‐term isolation argue for the restoration of lost population connectivity.

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Worrisome isolation: noninvasive genetic analyses shed light on the critical status of a remnant jaguar population

Cited by 26 publications

References 50 publications

Spatial ecology of Paraguay’s last remaining Atlantic forest jaguars (Panthera onca): implications for their long-term survival

Spatial ecology of Paraguay’s last remaining Atlantic forest jaguars (Panthera onca): implications for their long-term survival

Natural Selection of Melanism in Costa Rican Jaguar and Oncilla: A Test of Gloger’s Rule and the Temporal Segregation Hypothesis

Genomic patterns in the widespread Eurasian lynx shaped by Late Quaternary climatic fluctuations and anthropogenic impacts

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