Wound Healing Effects of Dracontomelon dao on Bacterial Infection Wounds in Rats and Its Potential Mechanisms under Simulated Space Environment

Abstract

Dracontomelon dao (D. dao) is the leaves of Dracontomelon duperreanum Pierre (D. dao auct. non (Blanco) Merr. and Rolfe; D. sinense Stopf.). As a valuable traditional Chinese medicine from Anacardiaceae, D. dao has a long history of treating bedsores, skin ulcers, and other infection diseases. In addition, the volatile oil from D. dao leaves exhibits antitumor effects. However, these reported studies only focused on evaluating the antimicrobial efficacy on model strains in vitro, without paying attention to the antimicrobial activity and anti-inflammatory effects in vivo. This study was aimed to provide evidence of antimicrobial activity and anti-inflammatory and proangiogenesis activities of Dracontomelon dao (D. dao) on the skin of rats under simulated space environment. The weightlessness model of rats in space environment was established. Then, rats were given D. dao for 15 days. Wound healing effects of D. dao on histopathology and inflammatory cytokines in E. coli-induced wound infection in weightless rats were analyzed. Furthermore, the molecular biology technology was performed to evaluate the wound healing effects of D. dao on the relative protein level of NF-κB as well as PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Immunohistochemistry was used for the protein expression of VEGFA. The wound healing effects of D. dao on bacterially infected wounds in rats were manifested by lowering the size of the wound and significantly increasing the shrinkage rate of the wound. D. dao had effect on alleviating histological damage of skin tissue and downregulation inflammatory cytokines level. In addition, the results indicated that D. dao has a regulatory effect on inflammation and angiogenesis and could regulate the relative protein level of MAPK/NF-κB as well as PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. The current study highlighted the crucial role of D. dao in relieving skin tissue injury in E. coli-induced wound infection in weightless rats by regulating the MAPK/NF-κB as well as PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. This study could provide a new agent for the treatment of bacterial infected wounds in simulated space environment.

Aktivitas Antiinflamasi Ekstrak Metanol Kulit Batang Sengkuang pada Tikus Wistar yang Diinduksi CFA (Complete Freund’s Adjuvant)

“…Beberapa penelitian menyebutkan bahwa isolat dari tumbuhan D. dao antara lain pada batang adalah tributilamina, medroksiprogesteron asetat, dan flavanon [7], β-sitosteryl-3β-glucopyranoside-6, O-fatty acid esters, β-sitosteryl fatty acid esters, stigmasterol, anacardic acid, triacylglycerols, monoacylglycerol, long-chain fatty acid esters, dan asam linoleat serta gabungan 4a and 4b, 5, 6, 8, long-chain fatty alcohols, and long-chain hydrocarbons pada tangkai, ranting dan bunga [8]. Sedangkan berdasarkan dari aktivitasnya, ektrak daun dan batang D. dao memiliki beberapa aktivitas diantaranya antioksidan [7], antibakteri pada ekstrak [9] dan memiliki efek penyembuhan luka [10] dan antiinflamasi. Dilihat dari kandungan kimia isolat yang dihasilkan yang berpotensi sebagai antiinflamasi diantaranya flavanon, stigmasterol dan turunan gliserol.…”

“…Dilihat dari kandungan kimia isolat yang dihasilkan yang berpotensi sebagai antiinflamasi diantaranya flavanon, stigmasterol dan turunan gliserol. Uji sebelumnya juga menunjukkan adanya aktivitas antiinflamasi ekstrak daun D. Dao melalui penurunan mediator proinflamasi seperti TNFα, IL-1β, dan IL-6 yang diinduksi oleh bakteri [10]. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan aktivitas antiinflamasi ekstrak metanol kulit batang tanaman sengkuang pada tikus model artritis rematoid yang diinduksi complete freund's adjuvant (CFA) untuk mengetahui potensi antiinflamasi dari bagian lain tanaman sengkuang ini.…”

“…Hal ini dikarenakan level TNF-α mengalami peningkatan pada hewan yang diinduksi dengan CFA sebagaimana kadar TNFα pada juga meningkat pada pasien artritis rematoid [12]. Kandungan kimia isolat tanaman Sengkuang yang berpotensi sebagai antiinflamasi diantaranya flavanon, stigmasterol dan turunan gliserol [10].…”

Anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory bioactive hits from Coriaria intermedia Matsum. stem and Dracontomelon dao (Blanco) Merr. & Rolfe bark through bioassay-guided fractionation and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

“…The solvent partition fractions from the methanolic extracts of the leaves, stem, root, and bark of D. dao exhibited a significant level of broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity (Khan and Omoloso, 2002). The ethyl acetate partition fraction of the ethanolic extract of D. dao leaves was also found to exhibit wound healing effects on bacterially infected wounds in rats (Wen et al, 2022).…”

Exploring the mechanism of Huanglian ointment in alleviating wound healing after anal fistula surgery through metabolomics and proteomics

“…The Qingre Huayu (QRHY) Recipe promotes wound healing in a rat model of anal fistula surgery by reducing inflammation and increasing the number of collagen and fibroblast cells [ 16 ]. Dracontomelon dao promotes wound healing in Escherichia coli-induced wounds through its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities, possibly by regulating the MAPK/NF-κB and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways [ 17 ]. Huanglian ointment (HLO) is an herbal combination containing Coptis Rhizome , Chinese Angelica , Amur Corktree Bark , Rehmannia Root , Turmeric , and Sesame Oil .…”