Wound healing strategies based on nanoparticles incorporated in hydrogel wound patches

Abstract

Nanoparticle-modified hydrogels exhibit substantial promise in the realm of wound healing, with their ability to expedite tissue regeneration, mitigate infection risks, and facilitate enhanced therapeutic outcomes.

Polymer-Based Functional Materials Loaded with Metal-Based Nanoparticles as Potential Scaffolds for the Management of Infected Wounds

“…The Ag + and AgNPs interact with the negatively charged bacterial cell wall, causing membrane damage and leading to the leakage of intracellular contents. They also penetrate the metabolic system of the microbes [ 61 ]. Their mechanism of action also involves interactions with phosphorus and sulfur groups of the protein plasma membrane and microbe cell wall, and thus inactivating DNA synthase and respiratory enzymes, resulting in cell death [ 7 , 62 ].…”

“…Upon intracellular accumulation of Ag + and AgNPs, the particles interact with bacterial fluids and produce ROS that induce oxidative stress, leading to cell death [ 63 ]. This oxidative stress inhibits microbial RNA and DNA replication by impeding ATP synthesis, hindering cell division and growth [ 13 , 61 ]. Additionally, Ag + and AgNPs inhibit enzyme synthesis, denature the microbe’s protein mechanisms, and impair ion exchange [ 56 , 64 ].…”

Nanomaterials in the Wound Healing Process: New Insights and Advancements

“…The evaluation and management procedures in the field of wound healing research have been greatly enriched by recent breakthroughs and technological advancements [ 42 ]. Changes in the way wounds are treated, such as the introduction of moist dressings, stimuli-responsive dressings, as well as growth factor-based therapy, skin alternative treatments (tissue-engineered and bio-engineered), gene treatment, nanotherapeutics, as well as stem cell therapy, resulted in a new era of progress [ 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 ]. Emerging technologies, such as three-dimensional bioprinting (3D bioprinting), novel platelet-rich plasma therapy, including extracellular matrix (ECM)-based techniques, have also paved the way for tailored wound care [ 47 ].…”

Nanoparticles incorporated hydrogels for delivery of antimicrobial agents: developments and trends

“…In addition to the promising results of the experimental studies on the nanoparticle-hydrogel systems, the commercial availability of nanoparticlecontaining antimicrobial dermal patches for wound healing are encouraging examples for the clinical translation of the antimicrobial nanoparticle-hydrogel systems. 263 However, despite signicant progress and promising results at the laboratory scale the clinical translation of these nanoparticlehydrogel systems for delivery of the antimicrobial agents is a challenging task. Currently, no antimicrobial nanoparticlehydrogel system is commercially available and only some such systems have entered clinical trials (mainly for local applications) such as silver nanoparticles containing xanthan gum hydrogel (NCT01442103), Silver nanoparticle gels for pain associated with a postoperative root canal (NCT03692286), Gold-silver-Cu 2 O nano gel with photothermal therapy (PTT) form antibiotic-resistant eye keratitis (NCT05268718), and PLGA nanoparticles coated with chitosan encapsulating cipro-oxacin incorporated into temperature-sensitive pluronic hydrogel treatment of endodontic infections (NCT05442736) (https://clinicaltrials.gov).…”

“…that should be ne-tuned to overcome these challenges. 263,264,266 In addition, when the hydrogels and nanoparticles are combined as nanoparticlehydrogel systems their safety evaluation and clinical translation becomes even more complex. 264 To overcome these challenges of translation of these systems to clinics, the researchers should investigate in-depth the in vivo interaction of the system, their toxicity (acute and chronic), and the ultimate fate inside the body using a variety of advanced techniques.…”