WOx nanowire supported ultra-fine Ir-IrOx nanocatalyst with compelling OER activity and durability

Ir-RuOx Nanoparticles on WO3 Ultrafine Nanowires As Catalysts for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction in Acidic Media

“…In order to assess the electrochemical reactivity of the catalyst in an acidic environment, a 0.1 M H 2 SO 4 solution was employed as the electrolyte. The calibration of the RHE was conducted by maintaining a scan rate of 5 mV/s in cyclic voltammetry, the potential at which the current density reaches zero is used as the calibration potential . Therefore, in the system of our study, the calibration of the reference electrode followed the relationship of eq E RHE = E Ag / AgCl + 0 . 05 9 normalpH + 0 . 197 …”

“…This shift provides evidence that electrons are being transferred from WO 3 to precious metal oxides throughout the loading process, demonstrating the MMSI between WO 3 and the active species, which influences the electronic structure of catalysts. [27][28][29][30]45 The electronic interactions between Ru−W and Ir−Ru−W in both RuO x @WO 3 and Ir-RuO x @WO 3 are enhanced during the refluxing process, resulting in stronger bonds that are beneficial for the stability of the OER stability. Additionally, the redistribution of interfacial charges contributes to the improved activity of the catalyst.…”

“…Based on the above improvement and mechanism, using morphology-controlled support rich in surface hydroxyl groups to load Ir or Ru could be a feasible solution to balance catalyst activity, stability, and price . WO 3 has been reported to load IrO x nanoparticles, resulting in significant advancements in activity and stability when compared to commercially available catalysts. − Compared with other metal oxides, WO 3 contains high valence W 6+ that has a stronger electron-donating ability. − As a support, WO 3 can produce a synergistic effect with the loaded precious metal and maximize the advantages of MMSI. However, many methods for loading precious metals on WO 3 are mostly calcination with temperatures as high as several hundred degrees, at which the active sites may be lost, making it impossible to maximize the OER activity .…”

Mn-doped RuO2 nanocrystals with abundant oxygen vacancies for enhanced oxygen evolution in acidic media

“…Iridium-based materials have emerged as a focal point due to their resilience in the aggressive conditions of the anode environment and their stability in acidic media. 19 However, the high cost of iridium, its limited annual production, and the reduced energy efficiency due to substantial overpotential present substantial challenges. These factors hinder the ability of iridium-based catalysts to achieve hydrogen production cost objectives established by the U.S. Department of Energy for 2025.…”

Phosphorus-induced activation of Ir metallene for efficient acidic overall water electrolysis

“…S10, ESI†). 37,38 This is because the P atoms are easily converted to phosphate during the OER process and dissolved in the electrolyte. 39,40 Moreover, these surface-generated Ir oxides are active sites that can improve the OER performance.…”