Research in ecotoxicology and environmental chemistry aims to control and improve the status of our environment in response to chemical pressure. Knowledge gained from fundamental research in environmental sciences, however, is often far from being instrumental in solving real-world problems. This data dilemma is partly due to the inherent overcomplexity of ecosystems, which may lead to heterogeneous if not contradictory observations that make it difficult to give clear-cut and fast advice. In other ways, the data dilemma is caused by the lack of flexibility of the academic system to accommodate the dual goal of performing practiceoriented research while pursuing a classical academic career. We use examples from ecotoxicology and environmental chemistry to argue that the state of the two fields can be improved by a more rigorous use of process-oriented models. With this improvement, the two fields are brought closer together conceptually, which, consequently, facilitates a coherent assessment of chemical risk. To motivate more young researchers to work at this interface, the incentive system has to be adjusted such that scientific merit is judged not only on the basis of classical criteria (i. e., numbers of publications and citations), but also on the basis of the direct usability of their research for solving practical problems. Keywords career development, chemical legislation, effect modeling, exposure modeling, knowledge transfer, practice-oriented research, research funding Umweltforscher(innen) befinden sich im Dilemma, einerseits klassischen wissenschaftlichen Kriterien genügen zu müssen und andererseits neue Wege gehen zu wollen, um Lösungswege für praktische Probleme aufzuzeigen. Eine problem-und lösungsorientierte Umweltforschung läßt sich nur Hand in Hand mit einer Verbesserung der Anreizsysteme für Umweltforschende entwickeln.