Wozu Umweltforschung? – Über das Spannungsverhältnis zwischen Forschungstraditionen und umweltpolitischen Leitbildern Teil I: Das Beispiel "Ökologische Chemie"

Scheringer, Martin; Boeschen, Stefan; Jaeger, Jochen A.G.

doi:10.14512/gaia.10.2.8

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Similar to other inter-and transdisciplinary environmental research, the project must achieve political aims on the one hand and fulfill the requirements of good scientific practice on the other (Scheringer et al, 2001). Similar to other inter-and transdisciplinary environmental research, the project must achieve political aims on the one hand and fulfill the requirements of good scientific practice on the other (Scheringer et al, 2001).…”

Section: Obstacles and Risksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A fundamental difference between these "worlds" is that in science a lack of knowledge is the catalyst for further studies, while in politics it presents an obstacle to action. Accordingly, decisions and actions have to be made under conditions of uncertainty (Reckhow, 1994;Scheringer et al, 2001). Clear cause-and-effect relationships must be "proven" before any measures can be proposed.…”

Section: Obstacles and Risksmentioning

confidence: 99%

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2002

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Fish catch, especially of brown trout, has decreased by about 50 % over the last 15 years in many Swiss rivers and streams. In addition, the health status of brown trout has been reported to be impaired in many streams. In order to evaluate the causes of these phenomena, the project "Fishnet" was launched in 1998. We present an overview of the concepts and approaches of this interdisciplinary nationwide project, our experience to date of identifying problems and filling data gaps, and the first results from selected sub-projects.Fishnet has a planned duration of 5 years and aims to (i) document the decline in catch, abundance and impaired health status of fish populations in selected rivers, (ii) elucidate the causes of these problems, and (iii) develop measures to improve the situation. To achieve these aims, a wide variety of research projects are being undertaken. In addition to co-ordinating existing projects, Fishnet initiates and launches new projects that investigate these issues. Monitoring projects are being conducted over a geographically broad area to investigate selected aspects Aquatic Sciences of the decline (e. g. the incidence and prevalence of diseases). Other studies aim at detailing the relationships between suspected causes and observed effects. Twelve hypotheses were initially formulated to identify probable causes. These include reproductive failure, fish health, habitat degradation, reduced quality of habitat, and climatic changes (such as increased water temperature and shifts in the seasonal occurrence of floods). Results of initial studies point to the differential impact of factors, depending on the specific geographic region, the fish species and other factors. For example, most of the hypothesized causes are currently found in the Swiss midlands.By integrating the results and conclusions of existing and new sub-projects, solutions for the complex problem of fish decline and impaired health will be proposed. Practical measures to address the problem will be developed and disseminated to the public and policy groups. The various stakeholders will also be involved during the whole project. Financial and other forms of support are provided by these different parties.

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Section: Obstacles and Risksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Obstacles and Risksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2002

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“…Die Geschichte der ökologischen Chemie ist, wie wir im ersten Teil unseres Aufsatzes ausgeführt haben [1] (im folgenden: Teil I), durch unterschiedliche Phasen gekennzeichnet. Ihre Institutionalisierung am Ende der sechziger Jahre erfolgte wesentlich durch einen zunehmenden politischen Bedarf an entscheidungsrelevantem Wissen im Bereich der Umweltchemikalien.…”

Section: Leitbilder Als Orientierungschancenunclassified

“…Zum anderen kann man unter einer normativen Gewichtung (Orientierung am Vorsorgeprinzip) einen Problem-Figur 2. Datendilemma und Orientierungsproblem hängen miteinander zusammen [1] . [24] und neue Ansätze der europäischen Chemikalienpolitik zeigen [25] -nach und nach einen höheren Stellenwert in der internationalen Chemikalienkontrolle.…”

Section: Forschungsbeziehungsweise Entwicklungszielunclassified

“…Als Zwischenfazit läßt sich festhalten: Erkenntnisorientierte und entscheidungsorientierte Komplexitätsreduktion in Zusammenhang zu bringen, verlangt eine Reflexion auf die Räume des Nicht-Wissens sowie über die Leistungsfähigkeit und Reichweite der eigenen Methode. Hierzu trägt die Auseinandersetzung mit den vier Orientierungsfragen aus Abschnitt 1 von Teil I [1] bei. In der Umweltforschung haben sich nun jedoch spezifische Herausforderungen an den Universalismus-Anspruch ergeben: Zum einen wird erkennbar, daß bereits auf rein naturwissenschaftlicher Ebene mit dem Phänomen überkomplexer ökologischer Systeme [26,27] die Möglichkeiten, Gesetzesaussagen zu formulieren, limitiert sind.…”

Section: Forschungsbeziehungsweise Entwicklungszielunclassified

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Wozu Umweltforschung? – Über das Spannungsverhältnis zwischen Forschungstraditionen und umweltpolitischen Leitbildern Teil II: Zum Leitbild “Reflexive Umweltforschung”

Böschen¹,

Scheringer²,

Jaeger³

2001

GAIA - Ecological Perspectives for Science and Society

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In the treatment of environmental problems, there is often a discrepancy between the needs of planners and decision makers and the results provided by scientific research. This discrepancy is related to the different aims, priorities, and codes of practice of scientists, on the one hand, and decision- and policy-makers, on the other hand. To explore how this discrepancy could be reduced to some extent, we first introduce the distinction between knowledge-oriented and decision-oriented reduction of complexity. The challenge today's environmental research is faced with is that, to some extent, decision-oriented reduction of complexity should be incorporated in the selection and solution of scientific problems. This can be achieved by orientation towards societal guiding principles such as sustainability or the precautionary principle. Following this approach, we then introduce the guiding principle of “reflexive environmental research” and point out how it differs from the guiding principles of “classical scientific research”. Key elements of reflexive environmental research are: reflection of guiding ideas external to science (e.g. sustainability); addressing explicitly the uncertainty and openness of scientific results and forecasts; transdisciplinarity; the aim of contributing to the solution of complex and controversial real-world problems; adherence to relevant scientific standards. Finally, we discuss the way reflexive environmental research can contribute to scientific consulting in decision-making processes in both business and politics.

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Zerschneidung der Landschaft durch Verkehrswege und Siedlungsgebiete

Jaeger

2004

Handbuch Naturschutz Und Landschaftspflege

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Wozu Umweltforschung? – Über das Spannungsverhältnis zwischen Forschungstraditionen und umweltpolitischen Leitbildern Teil I: Das Beispiel "Ökologische Chemie"

Cited by 7 publications

References 30 publications

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Wozu Umweltforschung? – Über das Spannungsverhältnis zwischen Forschungstraditionen und umweltpolitischen Leitbildern Teil II: Zum Leitbild “Reflexive Umweltforschung”

Zerschneidung der Landschaft durch Verkehrswege und Siedlungsgebiete

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