Wpływ BMI, stężenia leptyny i adiponektyny na rokowanie u pacjentów z niedokrwienną kardiomiopatią rozstrzeniową

Obesity is a highly prevalent disease in the world associated with the disorders of endocrine system. Recently, it may be concluded that the only effective treatment of obesity remains bariatric surgery. The aim of the review was to compare the concepts of appetite hormonal regulation, reasons of obesity development and bariatric procedures published over the last decade. The reviewed publications had been chosen on the base on: 1. reasons and endocrine consequences of obesity; 2. development of surgery methods from the first bariatric to present and future less aggressive procedures; 3. impact of surgery on the endocrine status of patient. The most serious endocrine disturbances during obesity are dysfunctions of hypothalamic circuits responsible for appetite regulation, insulin resistance, changes in hormones activity and abnormal activity of adipocytes hormones. The currently recommended bariatric surgeries are Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy and adjustable gastric banding. Bariatric surgical procedures, particularly combination of restrictive and malabsorptive, decrease the body weight and eliminate several but not all components of metabolic syndrome. Conclusions: 1. Hunger and satiety are mediated by an interplay of nervous and endocrine signals. 2. Healthy adipose tissue secretion of adipokines is coordinated in an anti-inflammatory, insulin-sensitizing and cardioprotective pattern. However, with increasing fat mass this secretion pattern is changed into a proinflammatory, insulin resistant, atherogenic and fatal systemic environment. 3. Bariatric surgery is not a solution of the obesity problem for everyone. 4. Long term postsurgical observations of the hormonal profile changes are necessary and should be obligatory.

Section: The Main Adipokines Involved In Lipid and Glucose Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endokrynne implikacje otyłości i zabiegów bariatrycznych

Dyaczyński

Scanes

Koziec

et al. 2018

“…The aim of the study conducted in Portugal was to compare the content of leptin and resistin in serum in patients with overweight and asthma, in patients with a normal body weight, and in obese individuals without asthma. Leptin is mainly secreted by adipocytes, and serum concentrations directly correlate with adipose tissue mass [16]. Although the levels of both adipokines were higher in patients with overweight and asthma as compared to healthy overweight subjects, these differences were not significant.…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 91%

The role of adipokines in the pathogenesis and course of selected respiratory diseases

Chwalba¹,

Machura²,

Ziora³

et al. 2019

Adipose tissue is also a secretory organ producing active substances called adipokines. Some of them (apelin, resistin, adiponectin, leptin, chemerin, or visfatin) may play a role in the pathogenesis and course of respiratory diseases, e.g. COPD, asthma, pulmonary hypertension, or lung cancer. There are limited and conflicting data on the role of adipokines in asthma. It has been confirmed, however, that visfatin and leptin can be markers of inflammation in COPD. Elevated concentrations of leptin and resistin play a pro-inflammatory role in the development of cancer cachexia. The role of adipokines has also been demonstrated in pulmonary hypertension, and the apelinadiponectin axis disruption may exacerbate pulmonary hypertension.

“…The role of ECS in relation to body fat is reduced to its effect on the secretory function. The adipose tissue is known to be the place of secretion of a number of adipocytokines, and the stimulation of the CB1 receptor in the adipose tissue results, among others, in reduced production of adiponectin with proven anti-inflammatory and insulin-sensitising effect [59][60][61][62][63], as well as an increase in the secretion of visfatin [64]. Many reports suggest that endocannabinoids are natural ligands for peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPAR), which appears to be important during adipogenesis [1,[65][66][67].…”

Section: The Endocannabinoid System and The Regulation Of Glucose Hommentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rola EKAN w odniesieniu do tkanki tłuszczowej to przede wszystkim wpływ na jej funkcję wydzielniczą. Aktywacja receptorów CB1 obecnych w tkance tłuszczowej, będącej źródłem wielu adipocytokin, skutkuje między innymi spadkiem sekrecji adiponektyny o udowodnionym działaniu antyzapalnym i uwrażliwiającym tkanki obwodowe na działanie insuliny [59,[60][61][62][63] oraz wzrostem wydzielania wisfatyny [64]. Poza tym uważa się, że endokannabinoidy są naturalnymi ligandami dla receptorów PPAR (peroxisome proliferator activated receptors), co sugeruje udział kannabinoidów w metabolizmie kwasów tłuszczowych [1,[65][66][67].…”

Section: Prace Poglądoweunclassified

The effects of cannabinoids on the endocrine system

Borowska

Czarnywojtek

Sawicka‐Gutaj

et al. 2018

Cannabinoids are the derivatives of the cannabis plant, the most potent bioactive component of which is tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). The most commonly used drugs containing cannabinoids are marijuana, hashish, and hashish oil. These compounds exert their effects via interaction with the cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2. Type 1 receptors (CB1) are localised mostly in the central nervous system and in the adipose tissue and many visceral organs, including most endocrine organs. Type 2 cannabinoid receptors (CB2) are positioned in the peripheral nervous system (peripheral nerve endings) and on the surface of the immune system cells. Recently, more and more attention has been paid to the role that endogenous ligands play for these receptors, as well as to the role of the receptors themselves. So far, endogenous cannabinoids have been confirmed to participate in the regulation of food intake and energy homeostasis of the body, and have a significant impact on the endocrine system, including the activity of the pituitary gland, adrenal cortex, thyroid gland, pancreas, and gonads. Interrelations between the endocannabinoid system and the activity of the endocrine system may be a therapeutic target for a number of drugs that have been proved effective in the treatment of infertility, obesity, diabetes, and even prevention of diseases associated with the cardiovascular system. (Endokrynol Pol 2018; 69 (6): 705-719)