“…Central to multimodality studies is the study of the simultaneous deployment of resources (Goodwin, 2000;Mondada, 2016). One obvious example of simultaneity is speaking and gesturing at the same time (studied by gesture studies which partially overlaps with multimodality studies, particularly with CA and EM), yet it is much broader than that: speech, eye gaze, the mutual orientation of the bodies of the interlocutors, the material structure of the surround, objects (such as products for sale, or materials with which people work), environmentally coupled gestures that cannot be understood by participants without taking into account G (hand)writing-in-interaction (Mondada & Svinhufvud, 2016). Importantly, simultaneity thus involves all interlocutors: all engage in body orientations and eye gaze, even when only one person is speaking, for example; and interactants might already start to respond while the previous action is still being produced, such as by interrupting or by reorienting the body, ready for producing a response (Mondada, 2016).…”