Współczesne determinanty bezpieczeństwa powietrznego państwa

Abstract

H i s t o r i a i P o l i t y k a Nr 25(32)/2018, s s. 65 -80 w w w.h ip.u m k .pl ISSN 1899 -516 0, e-ISSN 2391-7652• A b s t r a k t • W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań, które koncentrują się na współczesnych aspektach związanych z bezpieczeństwem powietrznym państwa w okresie pokoju i wojny. W pierwszej części rozważania naukowe miały na celu identyfikację aparatury pojęciowej związanej z koncepcją bezpieczeństwa powietrznego państwa, zagrożenia powietrznego i obrony powietrznej. W dalszej części autor analizuje współczesne zagrożenia militarne i terrorystyczne, które są głównym wyznacznikiem zmian w systemie obrony powietrznej państwa jako integralnego elementu systemu bezpieczeństwa państwa. W ostatniej części rozważań naukowych autor podkreśla znaczenie współpracy i integracji elementów sił zbrojnych z pozamilitarnymi instytucjami, co przekłada się na skuteczność ochrony przestrzeni powietrznej państwa przed zagrożeniami powietrznymi. W tej części autor wskazuje na istotę i znaczenie ochrony przestrzeni powietrznej państw NATO, która jest realizowana w ramach misji Air Policing.Sł ow a k l u c zowe: zagrożenie powietrzne, bezpieczeństwo powietrzne, obrona powietrzna, Air Policing, terroryzm powietrzny • A b s t r a c t •The article presents the results of research that focuses on contemporary aspects related to the air safety of the state in the period of peace and war. In the first part, scientific considerations were aimed at identifying the conceptual apparatus related to the concept of air security of the state, air threat and air defense. In the second part, the author analyzes contemporary military and terrorist threats, which are the main determinant of changes in the air defense system of the state as an integral element of the state security system. In the last part of the scientific deliberations, the author emphasizes the importance of cooperation and integration of elements of the armed forces with non-military institutions, which translates into the effectiveness of the protection of the air space of the state against airborne threats. In this part, the author points out the essence and importance of the protection of the airspace of NATO countries, which is implemented as part of the Air Policing mission. K e y w or d s: sair threat, air safety, air defense, Air Policing, air terrorism

Modern Aspects of the Development of Security in Air Transport Under the Conditions of Air Terrorism

“…A key role in countering air terrorism is played by operations with the use of special forces detached from the armed forces of particular countries. Other important documents that define the rules of using military force in combating acts of terror are as follows: the concept of operational reinforcement of the NAtO air-defence system against a possible terrorist attack, using civil aircraft (MCM-062-2) and the revised NAtO Directive on the functioning of an integrated force OP NAtO- (Radomyski 2018). No-fly zones or flight restricted zones are preceded by identification zones, in which a final verification of an aircraft as confirmed target or accidental intruders is provided.…”

The Evolution of Air Threats in Future Conflicts

“…Currently, we are witnessing a cycle of modernizing fourth-generation fighters in many countries to keep them in service for several more decades until they are eventually replaced by fifth and subsequent generation fighters. These modernizations primarily focus on enhancing the survivability of the aircraft, primarily through the installation of electronic self-defense systems that disrupt and deceive the enemy's sensors and effectors (Radomyski, 2014). A significant aspect of upgrading older aircraft involves replacing the existing radars with new ones featuring active electronically scanned array (AESA) technology, which can operate in active, passive, and electronic warfare modes.…”

THE Selected Aspects of Contemporary Air Threats

“…When dealing with threats arising from human activity, the threats will be related to a possibility of launching an attack by an aircraft on military installations or civil objects which are relevant to the functioning of a state (Leksykon wiedzy o obronności Polska i Europa [Lexicon of Knowledge on Poland and Europe's Defense], 2014). A more complete definition of air threats is presented by Adam Radomyski, who claims that an air threat must be regarded as a state which disturbs the feeling of security in a state (in all its dimensions), resulting from a threat of the use of aircraft (platforms) by a potential state or non-state aggressor (Radomyski, 2018). It can, therefore, be concluded that an air threat is a dangerous situation, in which there is every likelihood of using an aircraft/apparatus/weapons (civil or military) by a state or non-state actor, or its part.…”