X-photon laser direct write 3D nanolithography

Skliutas, Edvinas; Samsonas, Danielius; Čiburys, Arūnas; Kontenis, Lukas; Gailevičius, Darius; Berzinš, Jonas; Narbutis, Donatas; Jukna, Vytautas; Vengris, Mikas; Juodkazis, Saulius; Malinauskas, Mangirdas

doi:10.1080/17452759.2023.2228324

Cited by 23 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…In this direction, promising work was reported recently by the use of various wavelengths and by the introduction of new light-based 3D printing approaches as alternatives, such as two-step absorption, up-conversion, or digital light sheet methodologies allowing cost-efficient fabrication at excellent achievable resolution. [229][230][231][232][233][234] Furthermore, volumetric output increase was demonstrated by employing multi-foci approaches, giving access to parallelized micromanufacturing and thus drastically increased numbers of generated structures per time unit. [235] Such developments are of special value for the fabrication of optic or photonic devices as well as scaffolds for biological experiments, where the manufacturing of large numbers of samples is desired.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Multi‐Photon 3D Laser Printing: Active Materials and Applications

Mainik,

Spiegel,

Blasco

2023

Advanced Materials

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Since the pioneering work of Kawata and colleagues in 1997, multi‐photon 3D laser printing, also known as direct laser writing, has made significant advancements in a wide range of fields. Moreover, the development and commercialization of photocurable inks for this technique have expanded rapidly. One of the current trends is the transition from static to active printable materials, often referred to as 4D microprinting, which enables a new degree of control in the printed systems. This review focuses on four primary application areas: microrobotics, optics and photonics, microfluidics, and life sciences, highlighting recent progress and the crucial role of active materials, including liquid crystalline elastomers, hydrogels, shape memory polymers, and composites, among others. It also addresses ongoing challenges and provides insights into the future prospects in the different fields.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Multi‐Photon 3D Laser Printing: Active Materials and Applications

Mainik,

Spiegel,

Blasco

2023

Advanced Materials

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“…Fabricated microstructures and micro-lenses are depicted in Figure 2c. Note that pure SZ2080™ hybrid material was without PI addition, as the femtosecond pulses can induce photopolymerization reactions directly via multiple excitation mechanisms, as revealed recently [31].…”

Section: Fabrication Of 3d Microstructuresmentioning

confidence: 95%

Anti-Reflective Coatings Produced via Atomic Layer Deposition for Hybrid Polymer 3D Micro-Optics

et al. 2023

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The increasing demand for optics quality requires the lowest optical power loss, which can occur from unwanted reflections. Laser direct writing (LDW) allows for the fabrication of complex structures, which is particularly advantageous in micro-optic applications. This research demonstrates the possibility of forming an anti-reflective coating on hybrid polymer micro-lenses fabricated by employing LDW without changing their geometry. Such coating deposited via atomic layer deposition (ALD) decreased the reflection from 3.3% to 0.1% at a wavelength of 633 nm for one surface of hybrid organic–inorganic SZ2080™ material. This research validates the compatibility of ALD with LDW 3D multiphoton lithography synergistically, expanding its applications on optical grade sub-100 μm scale micro-optics.

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“…To demonstrate the applicability of push–pull carbazole-based dyes as PIs for MPL, the compounds 1 and 7 illustrated in Figure were incorporated with a concentration 1% w/w with respect to the organic in a standard MPL-photopolymer, an organic–inorganic zirconium–silicon hybrid composite similar to SZ2080, which exhibits large photopolymerization thresholds. , For the synthesis of the composite, all chemicals were sourced from Sigma-Aldrich and employed without further purification. More specifically, the composite contained methacryloxy-propyl trimethoxysilane (MAPTMS 97%), zirconium propoxide (ZPO, 70% in propanol), and (dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA > 99%), which fosters quenching. , In this context, MAPTMS and DMAEMA acted as the organic photopolymerizable monomers, whereas ZPO and the alkoxysilane groups of MAPTMS facilitated the formation of the inorganic network.…”

Section: Materials and Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Push–Pull Carbazole-Based Dyes: Synthesis, Strong Ultrafast Nonlinear Optical Response, and Effective Photoinitiation for Multiphoton Lithography

Stavrou,

Zyla,

Ladika

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Opt. Mater.

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The present work reports on the ultrafast nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of a series of D−π−Α and D−A push− pull carbazole-based dyes and establishes a correlation between these properties and their efficiency for potential photonic and optoelectronic applications such as multiphoton lithography (MPL). The ultrafast NLO properties of the studied dyes are determined by two distinct experimental techniques, Z-scan and pump−probe optical Kerr effect (OKE), employing 246 fs laser pulses at 515 nm. The results indicate that chemical functionalization of the carbazole moiety with various strong electron-donating and/or electron-withdrawing groups, such as benzene, styrene, 4bromostyrene, nitrobenzene, trimethyl isocyanurate, methyl, and indane-1,3-dione, can result in a controlled and significant enhancement of the NLO absorptive and refractive responses. In the context of potential applications, the efficiency of carbazole-based organic materials as photoinitiators (PIs) for MPL applications is demonstrated. The fabricated woodpile microstructure using chemically functionalized carbazole as a PI demonstrates improvements in both feature size and MPL efficiency compared to that using unfunctionalized carbazole as a PI. This is attributed to the efficient charge transfer resulting from chemical functionalization, which leads to a substantial increase (approximately 1 order of magnitude) in the values of the imaginary part of the second-order hyperpolarizability (Imγ) and the two-photon absorption cross section (σ). The achieved feature size of 280 nm is comparable to that obtained with other widely used PIs in MPL applications. Additionally, owing to the strong NLO properties of the studied functionalized carbazole, they could also be promising candidates for further applications in photonics and optoelectronics.

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X-photon laser direct write 3D nanolithography

Cited by 23 publications

References 79 publications

Recent Advances in Multi‐Photon 3D Laser Printing: Active Materials and Applications

Recent Advances in Multi‐Photon 3D Laser Printing: Active Materials and Applications

Anti-Reflective Coatings Produced via Atomic Layer Deposition for Hybrid Polymer 3D Micro-Optics

Push–Pull Carbazole-Based Dyes: Synthesis, Strong Ultrafast Nonlinear Optical Response, and Effective Photoinitiation for Multiphoton Lithography

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