X-Radiolysis Ion Yields and Electron Ranges in Liquid Xenon, Krypton, and Argon: Effect of Electric Field Strength

Abstract

X-Radiolysis ion yields were measured at electric fields between 1 and 60 kV/cm in argon s t 87 OK, krypton at 148 OK, and xenon at 183 OK. The results were analyzed according to a theoretical model to obtain the total ion yields G,,,, the free ion yields at zero field strength GfiO and the most probable penetration ranges b of the secondary electrons in the liquids. The respective values were: Ar, 7.3, 2.9, 1330 A; Kr, 13.0, 5.8, 880 A; Xe, 13.7, 7.0, 720 A. The total ionization yields in these substances are greater in the liquid than in the gas phase, probably due to smaller ionization potentials in the condensed phase (polarization energy effect). Field dependent electron mobilities are also reported.Les rendements en ions libres produits par les rayons X dans l'argon a 87 OK, le krypton a 148 OK, et le xenon a 183 "K ont t t e mesurCs a des champs electriques allant de 1 a 60 kV/cm. Les resultats ont ete analysts l'a~de d'un modele theorique en vu d'obtenir pour chaque liquide le rendement total en ions, G,,,, le rendement en ions libres en l'absence de champ tlectrique, GfiO, et la distance de penetration la plus probable, b, pour les electrons secondaires. Les valeurs sont respectivement: Ar, 7.3, 2.9, 1330 A; Kr. 13.0, 5.8, 880 A; Xe, 13.7, 7.0, 720 A. Le rendement total en ions pour ces substances est plus eleve en phase liquide qu'en phase condensee (effect de l'energie de polarisation). Les mobilites electroniques en fonction du champ electrique sont presentees.Can. J . Chern.. 51. 641 (1973)

Effect of an electric field on electron attachment to sulfur hexafluoride, nitrous oxide, and molecular oxygen in liquid argon and xenon

“…^x1/ 2 fo(x) dx (9) with the measured data of the pure liquid and adjusting Ai(F) for best agreement.…”

Ionization yield from nuclear recoils in liquid-xenon dark matter detection

“…The Platzman's original paper gave a rough estimations for E i , N ex /N i and ǫ, which generates the W -value qualitatively. Experimentally, W -value for ionization have been measured in LXe by several groups [14,[19][20][21][22][23][24] over the past forty years. The authors use α sources, γ-rays, X-rays or monoenergetic electrons sources respectively and get quite different W -values for LXe, which are listed in Table I.…”

Electron Mobilities and Ranges in Liquid C1–C3 Hydrocarbons and in Xenon: Effects of Temperature and Field Strength

“…Of varticular inelectron mobility in liquid hydrocarbons is inversely related t o the magnitude of the mobility, being near zero for high mobilities and near 4 kcal/mol for low mobilities (2)(3)(4). Electrons in methane (5,6), argon (7)(8)(9), krypton (7,8), and xenon (8,10) have very high mobilities, and since ~~n u s u a l temperature effects had been noted in argon (7,9) and krypton (7), it was of interest to measure the effect of temperature on electron mobilities in methane and xenon. Measurements were made in the other hydrocarbons to complete the series of C, to C, niolecules.…”