X‐ray absorption and luminescence properties of metallic copper nanoparticles embedded in a glass matrix

Roqué, J.; Poolton, N.R.J.; Molerà, J.; Smith, Andrew D.; Pantos, E.; Vendrell‐Saz, M.

doi:10.1002/pssb.200541269

Cited by 13 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In particular, extended x-ray absorption fine structure ͑EXAFS͒ and transmission electron microscopy ͑TEM͒ analysis of a luster layer prepared following the same thermal protocol on the lead free glaze, thus equivalent to j6, has been recently performed. 25 The size of the nanoparticles fully matches the size obtained by SR-Micro-XRD; the luster layer has a higher density of nanoparticles in a sublayer of about 800 nm thickness and has a copper free outer layer of about 50 nm. EXAFS data determined 77± 4% copper metal, with the remainder as the cuprite.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 73%

“…EXAFS data for a lead free glaze luster ͑similar to j6͒, a luster layer produced following the same thermal protocol 25 showed that 77± 4% of the copper was in metallic state while the rest was a cuprite. However, it is also well known that due to the fact that the reducing process results from the penetration of the reducing atmosphere into the luster layer, the outer surface is always more reduced than the inner region of the luster layer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…25 The EIBS experimental spectrum and fit corresponding to luster layer j65 developed on the lead glaze is shown in Fig. 5 The glaze is lead rich and contains 4 at.…”

Section: -5mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metallic and nonmetallic shine in luster: An elastic ion backscattering study

Pradell

Climent‐Font

Molerà

et al. 2007

Journal of Applied Physics

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Luster is a metal glass nanocomposite layer first produced in the Middle East in early Islamic times ͑9th AD͒ made of metal copper or silver nanoparticles embedded in a silica-based glassy matrix. These nanoparticles are produced by ion exchange between Cu + and Ag + and alkaline ions from the glassy matrix and further growth in a reducing atmosphere. The most striking property of luster is its capability of reflecting light like a continuous metal layer and it was unexpectedly found to be linked to one single production parameter: the presence of lead in the glassy matrix composition. The purpose of this article is to describe the characteristics and differences of the nanoparticle layers developed on lead rich and lead free glasses. Copper luster layers obtained using the ancient recipes and methods are analyzed by means of elastic ion backscattering spectroscopy associated with other analytical techniques. The depth profile of the different elements is determined, showing that the luster layer formed in lead rich glasses is 5-6 times thinner and 3-4 times Cu richer. Therefore, the metal nanoparticles are more densely packed in the layer and this fact is related to its higher reflectivity. It is shown that lead influences the structure of the metal nanoparticle layer through the change of the precipitation kinetics.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metallic and nonmetallic shine in luster: An elastic ion backscattering study

Pradell

Climent‐Font

Molerà

et al. 2007

Journal of Applied Physics

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“…21,22 In fact, red non-coppery luster layers produced on a lead free glaze were thick (800 nm) and formed by 10 nm copper nanoparticles. 23 On the contrary, the coppery luster layers produced over PbO containing glazes following the same protocol were thin (150 nm) 17 and contained large (50 nm size) and small (a few nanometers size) copper nanoparticles. Therefore, it was not possible to elucidate which of the factors or combination of the factors was responsible of the metallic appearance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Composition, nanostructure, and optical properties of silver and silver-copper lusters

Pradell

Pavlov

Gutiérrez

et al. 2012

Journal of Applied Physics

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Influence of alloy inhomogeneities on the determination by Raman scattering of composition and strain in Si1-xGex/Si(001) layers J. Appl. Phys. 112, 023512 (2012) Plasmon coupling in circular-hole dimers: From separation-to touching-coupling regimes J. Appl. Phys. 112, 013113 (2012) Correlation between reflectivity and resistivity in multi-component metallic systems Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 011902 (2012) Ultrathin metallic coatings can induce quantum levitation between nanosurfaces Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 253104 (2012) Transmittance and optical constants of Sr films in the 6-1220eV spectral range J. Appl. Phys. 111, 113533 (2012) Additional information on J. Appl. Phys. Lusters are composite thin layers of coinage metal nanoparticles in glass displaying peculiar optical properties and obtained by a process involving ionic exchange, diffusion, and crystallization. In particular, the origin of the high reflectance (golden-shine) shown by those layers has been subject of some discussion. It has been attributed to either the presence of larger particles, thinner multiple layers or higher volume fraction of nanoparticles. The object of this paper is to clarify this for which a set of laboratory designed lusters are analysed by Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. Model calculations and numerical simulations using the finite difference time domain method were also performed to evaluate the optical properties. Finally, the correlation between synthesis conditions, nanostructure, and optical properties is obtained for these materials. V C 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx

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“…Instead, UV-visible absorption spectra of metal nanoparticles are often displayed as a broad spectrum originated from the conduction electron transitions with exceptionally degenerate states. This is in marked contrast with absorption properties of the valence electrons of metal nanoparticles such as luminescence (Drachev et al, 2004) and fluorescence (Roque et al, 2006), where the quantized states are readily observed due to welldefined energy gap between two occupied energy states. In metal nanoparticles, the electron-hole interaction is screened off and the conduction electrons behave as nearly free.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Quantum Mechanical Calculation of the Optical Absorption of Silver and Gold Nanoparticles by Density Functional Theory

Gharibshahi¹,

Saion²

2010

Physics International

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Problem statement: Metal nanoparticles confine the motion of conduction electrons and exhibit a strong optical absorption of electromagnetic radiation in the UV-vis-NIR region. The absorption is classically derived from the collective oscillations of free electrons in a metallic nanostructure as a consequence of incident electromagnetic radiation polarizing the particle optically embedded in a dielectric matrix. These oscillations, known as the localized surface Plasmon resonance has been modelled by Gustav Mie in 1908 using the Maxwell's equations. Nevertheless, the electrodynamics approach cannot account for the electronic transitions often displayed in experiment as a broad UV-vis optical absorption spectrum originated from the conduction electrons of metal nanoparticles. A quantum mechanical approach is required to address the optical absorption spectra of metal nanoparticles systemically. Approach: In this study, an attempt was made to calculate the optical absorption spectra of conduction electrons of metal nanoparticle quantum mechanically using the density functional theory. The particle was an isolated spherical metal nanoparticle containing N atoms confined in a face-centered cubic lattice structure. When light strikes the particle, the occupied ground-state conduction electrons absorbed the energy and excite to the unoccupied higher energy-state of the conduction band. In this development, we used time-independent Schrodinger equation for the ground-state energy of ThomasFermi-Dirac-Weizsacker atomic model for the total energy functional and the density function in the Euler-Lagrange equation is algebraically substituted with the absorption function. The total energy functional was computed numerically for silver and gold nanoparticles at various diameters. Results: The results showed broad absorption spectra derived from the occupied ground-state conduction electrons at the orbital {n = 5 and l = 0 or 5s} for silver and {n = 6 and l = 0 or 6s} for gold, which excite to the unoccupied higher energy of conduction band at the orbital {n≥6 and l = 0 or 1} for silver and {n≥7 and l = 0 or 1} for gold. A nonlinear red-shift of the absorption peak λ max , appearing at 404.79, 408.36, 412.55, 415.73, 418.42 and 420.96 nm for silver and at 510.28, 520.91, 533.11, 542.35, 549.74 and 556.04 nm for gold when the particle diameter varies at 4, 5, 7, 10, 15 and 25 nm respectively. The quantum confinement effect of the conduction bands is stronger for silver and gold nanoparticles of less than about 20 nm in diameter. Conclusion: The optical absorption spectra of silver and gold nanoparticles have been successfully calculated using a quantum treatment and this calculation could be extended to other transition metal nanoparticles of interest in nanoscience and nanotechnology.

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X‐ray absorption and luminescence properties of metallic copper nanoparticles embedded in a glass matrix

Cited by 13 publications

References 25 publications

Metallic and nonmetallic shine in luster: An elastic ion backscattering study

Metallic and nonmetallic shine in luster: An elastic ion backscattering study

Composition, nanostructure, and optical properties of silver and silver-copper lusters

Quantum Mechanical Calculation of the Optical Absorption of Silver and Gold Nanoparticles by Density Functional Theory

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