Many copper‐oxide‐based superconducting compounds have been synthesized in recent years–currently more than 30 families are known, with superconducting transition temperatures up to 133 K. The structures of the various families are described, including La2CuO4, YBa2Cu3O7, single‐layer superconductors, double‐layer superconductors, and infinite layer materials (e.g., CaCuO2, as in the Figure).