X-ray analysis of the magnetic influence of oxygen in Pt∕Co∕AlOx trilayers

Manchon, Aurélien; Pizzini, S.; Vogel, Jan; Uhlíř, Vojtěch; Lombard, L.; Ducruet, C.; Auffret, S.; Rodmacq, B.; Diény, B.; Hochstrasser, M.; Panaccione, G.

doi:10.1063/1.2829896

Cited by 62 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Experiments were performed on a 0.6 nm thick Co film sandwiched between 3 nm Pt and 1.6 nm Al layers deposited by sputtering on a thermally oxidized Si wafer. The top Al layer was exposed to an oxygen radio-frequency plasma resulting in a fully oxidized AlO x interface at the Co boundary [86,87]. SIA results from the presence of AlO x and Pt on either side of the Co layer, where Pt/Co hybridization enhances atomic SO coupling and both interfaces create a strong out-of-plane electron potential gradient.…”

Section: (D) Spin-orbit Torques In Ultrathin Metal Filmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current-induced spin–orbit torques

Gambardella

Miron

2011

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

352

315

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The ability to reverse the magnetization of nanomagnets by current injection has attracted increased attention ever since the spin-transfer torque mechanism was predicted in 1996. In this paper, we review the basic theoretical and experimental arguments supporting a novel current-induced spin torque mechanism taking place in ferromagnetic (FM) materials. This effect, hereafter named spin-orbit (SO) torque, is produced by the flow of an electric current in a crystalline structure lacking inversion symmetry, which transfers orbital angular momentum from the lattice to the spin system owing to the combined action of SO and exchange coupling. SO torques are found to be prominent in both FM metal and semiconducting systems, allowing for great flexibility in adjusting their orientation and magnitude by proper material engineering. Further directions of research in this field are briefly outlined.

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Section: (D) Spin-orbit Torques In Ultrathin Metal Filmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current-induced spin–orbit torques

Gambardella

Miron

2011

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

352

315

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“…The latter can significantly influence the PMA. For example, experiments performed in a similar Co/AlO x system 33,34 have shown that the PMA of the Co film is likely to originate from the presence of a CoO x layer at the interface. In the section 'Fundamental understanding of Magnetoelectric coupling", we will briefly discuss how DFT modeling can be utilized to gain insights between the degree of interfacial oxidation and the PMA along with the challenges.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding and designing magnetoelectric heterostructures guided by computation: progresses, remaining questions, and perspectives

et al. 2017

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Magnetoelectric composites and heterostructures integrate magnetic and dielectric materials to produce new functionalities, e.g., magnetoelectric responses that are absent in each of the constituent materials but emerge through the coupling between magnetic order in the magnetic material and electric order in the dielectric material. The magnetoelectric coupling in these composites and heterostructures is typically achieved through the exchange of magnetic, electric, or/and elastic energy across the interfaces between the different constituent materials, and the coupling effect is measured by the degree of conversion between magnetic and electric energy in the absence of an electric current. The strength of magnetoelectric coupling can be tailored by choosing suited materials for each constituent and by geometrical and microstructural designs. In this article, we discuss recent progresses on the understanding of magnetoelectric coupling mechanisms and the design of magnetoelectric heterostructures guided by theory and computation. We outline a number of unsolved issues concerning magnetoelectric heterostructures. We compile a relatively comprehensive experimental dataset on the magnetoelecric coupling coefficients in both bulk and thin-film magnetoelectric composites and offer a perspective on the data-driven computational design of magnetoelectric composites at the mesoscale microstructure level.

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“…2 More specifically in these kinds of nanostructures, a perpendicular magnetic tunnel junction implies two electrodes of ferromagnetic layers inserting an oxide one. Previous studies [3][4][5] reported a change of the magnetic anisotropy from in-plane to out-of-plane at room temperature (RT) for Si/SiO 2 /Pt(3 nm)/Co(0.6 nm)/Al(1.6 nm) þ t Ox either for efficient oxidation times values (namely t Ox ), or by increasing the annealing temperature (namely T Ann ) of the trilayer. Such change seems to be related to the diffusion of the oxygen, induced by the annealing (via T Ann ) and/or the quantity of oxygen (via t Ox ), toward the Co/AlO x interface.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…In other words, the Co-Al bonds would be replaced by Co-O ones due to the annealing and/or the oxidation time. 4,6 However, the dependencies of the magnetic properties as a function of deposition parameters are not completely understood, especially at low temperature. Also, various structural schemes can be at the origin of improved PMA: oxygen at the interfaces between Co and AlO x , Co-Pt intermixing, or chemical modification.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The hypothesis that oxygen does not penetrate into buried layers (Co, Pt) is checked in this sample from previous x-ray spectroscopy measurements. 4 Taking into account the best set of parameters for t Ox ¼ 15 s as starting values, the procedure is iteratively repeated for the as-deposited sample with higher t Ox (55 s). For more oxidized samples a CoO layer might be included in the stacking.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The contribution of x-ray specular reflectometry to the oxygen-induced magnetic properties in Pt/Co/AlOx

Garad

Ortéga

Ramos

et al. 2011

Journal of Applied Physics

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Two key parameters were analyzed in Si/SiO/Pt/Co/AlOx: the oxidation time of the Al layer resulting in AlOx, and the ex situ annealing temperatures varied in the 15 and 55 s and 20, 300, and 450 °C ranges, respectively. For intermediate annealing temperatures (∼300 °C), the quantitative analysis of specular reflectometry data shows that the progressive oxidation of layers by increasing the oxidation time goes along with an improvement of the homogeneity of the alumina layer. This outcome casts new light on the temperature dependence of magnetic properties of the samples. The remarkable temperature variation of the coercive field, extracted from extraordinary Hall effects in the 5–300 K range, is associated with structural change due to Co–oxygen bondings, which leads to strong pinning of Co spins in the low temperature regime.

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X-ray analysis of the magnetic influence of oxygen in Pt∕Co∕AlOx trilayers

Cited by 62 publications

References 22 publications

Current-induced spin–orbit torques

Current-induced spin–orbit torques

Understanding and designing magnetoelectric heterostructures guided by computation: progresses, remaining questions, and perspectives

The contribution of x-ray specular reflectometry to the oxygen-induced magnetic properties in Pt/Co/AlOx

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