X-ray Computed Tomography for the Development of Ballistic Composite

Ziółkowski, Grzegorz; Pach, Joanna; Pyka, Dariusz; Kurzynowski, Tomasz

doi:10.3390/ma13235566

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…. Material parameters for the projectile were adopted on the basis of the literature [48] and are summarized in the table below (Table 2). Where: E-Young's modulus, v-Poisson's ratio, ρ-density, A-yield strength at 0 plastic strain, B-hardening constant, n-hardening exponent, c-strain rate constant.…”

Section: Numerical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Then the linear initial velocity of the projectile was given as 370 m/s, as was the case with the ballistic test. The angular velocity of the projectile was omitted because the literature data indicate that it does not have such a large impact on the simulation results [48,50]. After completion of the aforementioned activities, three sets of simulations were performed for the previously given parameters and types of finite elements.…”

Section: Numerical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multi-Layer Fabric Composites Combined with Non-Newtonian Shear Thickening in Ballistic Protection—Hybrid Numerical Methods and Ballistic Tests

Roszak,

Pyka,

Bocian

et al. 2023

Polymers

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Multi-layer fabrics are commonly used in ballistics shields with a lower bulletproof class to protect against pistol and revolver bullets. In order to additionally limit the dynamic deflection of the samples, layers reinforced with additional materials, including non-Newtonian fluids compacted by shear, are additionally used. Performing a wide range of tests in each case can be very problematic; therefore, there are many calculation methods that allow, with better or worse results, mapping of the behavior of the material in the case of impact loads. The search for simplified methods is very important in order to simplify the complexity of numerical fabric models while maintaining the accuracy of the results obtained. In this article, multi-layer composites were tested. Two samples were included in the elements subjected to shelling. In the first sample, the outer layers consisted of aramid fabrics in a laminate with a thermoplastic polymer matrix. The middle layer contained a non-Newtonian shear-thickening fluid enclosed in hexagonal (honeycomb) cells. The fluid was produced using polypropylene glycol and colloidal silica powder with a diameter of 14 µm in the proportions of 60/40. The backing plate was made using a 12-layer composite made of Twaron® para-aramid fabrics with a DCPD matrix—not yet used in a wide range of ballistics. Then, numerical simulations were carried out in the Abaqus/Explicit dynamic analysis. The Johnson–Cook constitutive strength model was used to describe the behavior of elastic–plastic materials constituting the elements of the projectiles. For the non-Newtonian fluid, a Up-Us EOS was used. The inner layers of the fabric were treated as an orthotropic material. Complete homogenization of the sample layers was carried out, thanks to which each layer was treated as a homogeneous continuum. As a parameter of fracture mechanics for shield components, the strain criterion was used with the smooth particles hydrodynamics method (SPH). Then, the results of simulations were compared with the results of the ballistic test for both samples placed next to each other, which resulted in the formation of a multi-layer composite in one ballistic test subjected to impact loads during firing with a 9 × 19 mm Parabellum FMJ projectile with an initial velocity of 370 ± 10 m/s. The results of numerical tests are very similar to the ballistic tests, which indicates the correct mapping of the process and the correct conduct of layer homogenization. The applied proportions of the components in the non-Newtonian fluid allowed a reduction in the deflection compared to previous studies. Additionally, the proposal to use a DCPD matrix allowed to obtain a much lower deflection value compared to other materials, which is a novelty in the field of production of ballistic shields.

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Section: Numerical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Numerical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Layer Fabric Composites Combined with Non-Newtonian Shear Thickening in Ballistic Protection—Hybrid Numerical Methods and Ballistic Tests

Roszak,

Pyka,

Bocian

et al. 2023

Polymers

Self Cite

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“…Models of the samples produced were analyzed in accordance with the tests performed. The foam core of the 3PPM sample was developed as the three-dimensional foam model was reconstructed using the technical microtomography method [ 33 ]. The obtained results of the reconstruction were segmented using the local adaptive method of data thresholding.…”

Section: Approaches To the Issue And Numerical Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prompt Determination of the Mechanical Properties of Industrial Polypropylene Sandwich Pipes

et al. 2021

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A simple and prompt method to determine the mechanical properties of industrial multilayer extrusion polypropylene pipes for a gravity sewer network is suggested. The engineering formulas included for calculating the permissible thickness and relative position of a foam core in the pipes are based on a linear-elastic approximation and the rule of mixtures. The applicability of the approximation was justified experimentally during investigation of the effective tensile characteristics of single- and multilayer pipes and each layer specimen by using traditional tests and finite-element calculations. The results obtained were used to formulate engineering recommendations for calculations of this type.

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“…In the past, several researchers [24, 25,26] investigated the failure mechanisms of SFRPCs using non-destructive evaluation (NDE) techniques. Performing NDE techniques in understanding the failure mechanisms of NFRPCs is difficult and challenging owing to lower density of fibers, which are closer to the density of polymers [27,28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of advanced techniques for manufacturing biocomposites: non-destructive evaluation and artificial intelligence-assisted modeling

et al. 2022

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Natural fiber reinforced polymer composites (NFRPCs) are being widely used in aerospace, marine, automotive, and healthcare applications due to their sustainability, low cost and ecofriendly nature. The NFRPCs manufactured through conventional, and computer controlled intelligent manufacturing techniques may contain internal and external defects. Traditionally, the microstructure of NFRPCs at different stages of manufacturing was obtained using destructive techniques which have stringent sample size restrictions and may cause decrease in residual properties of composites due to destructive scanning. However, these complications can be overcome by using non-destructive evaluation (NDE) and artificial intelligence (AI) techniques. This review highlights the impact of NDE and AI on the improvement of emerging manufacturing systems. We have discussed the classification of biocomposites, their manufacturing techniques, recyclability and strategies to improve mechanical properties. Further, the use of different types of contact and non-contact NDE techniques in understanding the microstructural variations during manufacturing, machining and the parameters that effects the mechanical performance of NFRPCs

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X-ray Computed Tomography for the Development of Ballistic Composite

Cited by 12 publications

References 51 publications

Multi-Layer Fabric Composites Combined with Non-Newtonian Shear Thickening in Ballistic Protection—Hybrid Numerical Methods and Ballistic Tests

Multi-Layer Fabric Composites Combined with Non-Newtonian Shear Thickening in Ballistic Protection—Hybrid Numerical Methods and Ballistic Tests

Prompt Determination of the Mechanical Properties of Industrial Polypropylene Sandwich Pipes

Review of advanced techniques for manufacturing biocomposites: non-destructive evaluation and artificial intelligence-assisted modeling

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