X-Ray diffraction analysis of 99.1% recycled aluminium subjected to equal channel angular extrusion

Dielectric and electromagnetic interference shielding properties of high entropy (Zn,Fe,Ni,Mg,Cd)Fe2O4 ferrite

“…1a can be well described by Cd 0.1 Fe 2 Ni 0.5 O 4 Zn 0.4 ferrite structure (space group: 227: Fd-3m , DB card number: 9009921) with the lattice parameters a = b = c = 0.845 nm and α = β = γ = 90°. The average crystallite size was calculated on the basis of Halder-Wagner method, in which broadening of diffraction peaks is related to the ultrafine size of crystallites and also to the microstrain in their structure 30 . The crystallite size ( D ) and strain ( ε ) are related to the full-width at half maximum ( FWHM ) according to the equations 31 :where: λ is the wavelength of X-ray and θ is the diffraction angle.…”

Mechanical behaviour and microstructural evolution of constrained groove pressed nickel sheets

“…Assuming the peak broadening is caused by changes in sub-grain sizes and lattice distortion, the sub-grain sizes and lattice microstrain can be determined by measuring the deviation of the line profile from the perfect crystal diffraction. Among the various techniques, Williamson-Hall (W-H) method (Williamson and Hall, 1953) is used extensively for determining the crystallite sizes in severe plastically deformed bulk polycrystalline materials like aluminium alloy processed by mechanical alloying (Ortiz and Shaw, 2004) and pure aluminium processed by ECAP (Rebhi et al, 2009). Recently W-H method have also been used successfully for evaluating the crystallite sizes of CGP processed aluminium ) and low carbon steel (Khodabakhshi et al, 2010).…”

Studies of Crystallite Size and Lattice Strain in Al-Al2o3 Powders Produced by High-Energy Mechanical Milling

“…Values of β * and d * can be calculated correctly from the previous equations. Then from plotting β * against d * crystallite size and strain can be obtained where, the intercept of the plot of β * against d * gives 1/D and the slope gives the strain [5].…”

“…The mechanisms of grain size refinement for the milled powders were identified on the basis of the microstructure and particle size studies given by Kuschke et al [4]. They reported that plastic deformation, fracture and cold welding of powder particles were the three principle mechanisms which could operate in mechanical milling [4,5]. The crystallite size and the lattice strain in nanocrystalline materials can be determined by X-ray line profile analysis.…”