X-ray diffraction and model calculation on carbon blacks

Peng, Wei-Guo; Strauss, Michael J.; Pieper, Thomas; Kilian, H. G.

doi:10.1080/00268979300102351

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…31 The absence of (hkl) peaks indicates random orientation around the layer normal and lack of threedimensional order. 24 Diesel soot-2 had the lowest L c , whereas Printex-G had the highest L c . The HRTEM image of diesel soot-2 in Figure S11 of the Supporting Information shows that the primary particles have highly curved graphene layers, which are loosely stacked on each other.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…XRD profile analysis for carbon blacks has been used in the past studies to obtain two structural parameters: crystallite stacking height (L c ) and interplanar distance. 24 The XRD patterns consist of two broad diffuse peaks, one indexed as the crystalline lattice reflection (002) and the other as two-dimensional lattice reflections (100)/(101). 31 The absence of (hkl) peaks indicates random orientation around the layer normal and lack of threedimensional order.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The carbon black particles are composed of densely packed stacks of almost perfect graphite layers, and it is important to identify the effect of structural parameters of a single crystallite on the oxidation behavior. XRD profile analysis for carbon blacks has been used in the past studies to obtain two structural parameters: crystallite stacking height ( L c ) and interplanar distance .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…14 XRD profile analysis for carbon blacks has been used in earlier studies to obtain two structural parameters: crystallite stacking height (L c ) and interplanar distance. 24 The bands observed in the XRD patterns for diesel soot and other carbonaceous materials have been identified as (002), (100), (004), and (110), and the (002) band has been used to calculate both the interplanar layer spacing (d 002 ) of crystallites composed of stacked graphene layers using Bragg's law 14 and the average crystallite height (L c ) using the Debye−Scherrer equation. 25 Finally, TGA has been widely applied in determining structural stability and direct studies on the kinetics of diesel soot oxidation based on the change in the weight of the carbonaceous material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the previous studies on soot using Raman spectroscopy, the structure has been described considering either the relative D band (stands for “defect”) and G band (stands for “graphitic”) intensities or the relative D band and G band areas. , These ratios have been quantitatively analyzed, because they reflect the structural defects in the basal planes of graphene layers . XRD profile analysis for carbon blacks has been used in earlier studies to obtain two structural parameters: crystallite stacking height ( L c ) and interplanar distance . The bands observed in the XRD patterns for diesel soot and other carbonaceous materials have been identified as (002), (100), (004), and (110), and the (002) band has been used to calculate both the interplanar layer spacing ( d 002 ) of crystallites composed of stacked graphene layers using Bragg’s law and the average crystallite height ( L c ) using the Debye–Scherrer equation .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structure and Oxidation Activity Correlations for Carbon Blacks and Diesel Soot

et al. 2012

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This work focuses on a comprehensive investigation of structure−activity relationships for a diesel engine soot sample (Corning) and 10 commercially available carbon black samples. Particle sizes were determined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Specific surface area was determined by nitrogen sorption studies, while the microstructure was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) peak profile analysis, Raman spectroscopy, and TEM. Oxidation activity of these samples was studied using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) under an oxidative (10% O 2 ) environment consistent with the typical oxygen levels in the diesel engine exhaust. Various structural parameters, such as the average particle size, specific surface area, degree of organization, and average crystallite stacking height, were correlated with the TGA oxidation activity data. In general, samples with low particle size, high surface area, highly amorphous nature (low degree of organization), and low crystallite stacking height showed high oxidation activity. A second diesel engine soot sample (Corning), which was collected at different operating conditions, was used to validate the obtained structure−activity correlations. Overall, our rigorous analysis for a large number of samples with multiple techniques indicated unique and novel correlations/trends between soot structure and reactivity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%