X-ray diffraction and Raman scattering studies of proton-induced, modified polyethylene terephthalate microfiber

Atomic force microscopy and Raman scattering studies of femtosecond laser-induced nanohillocks on CR-39

“…The reduced intensity of these double bands can be attributed to lower degree of polymerization. For the higher fluences (0.25 and 0.5 J cm À2 for vacuum) the complete disappearance of the bands of the carbon double bonds is observed which can be attributed to high degree of polymerization and degradation of CR-39 involving carbonyl C@C bond breaking [3] and folding of chains [37]. These results show that the degree of polymerization after exposing the polymer in vacuum is higher than in air.…”

“…Broadening in the peaks is also observed as consequence of irradiation. This broadening is due to the decrease in phonon lifetime as a result of scattering from radiation-induced defects [37]. In electrical-insulating solids, it is believed that point defects affect the lattice vibrations and cause scattering for phonons owing to mass differences (mass fluctuation size) and inter atomic coupling force differences (strain field fluctuations) [38] which will shorten the mean free path of the phonon [39].…”