X-ray diffraction investigations of α-polyamide 6 films: orientation and structural changes upon uni- and biaxial drawing

Shanak, Hussein; Ehses, K. H.; Götz, W.; Leibenguth, P.; Pelster, R.

doi:10.1007/s10853-008-3062-7

Cited by 24 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…PA6 molecules undergoing hydrogen bonding in a parallel chain arrangement cause the γ pseudo‐hexagonal phase, whereas hydrogen bonding in anti‐parallel chain arrangement is characteristic of the monoclinic α form. All samples exhibited the characteristic peaks of monoclinic structure of α crystal phase, located at around 2θ = 20.4° and 23.7°, corresponding to (200) and (002/020) reflections, respectively . Diffractograms of PA c , PA FN2 , and PA FN3 samples, exhibited a weak peak at around 2θ = 21.5°, related to the diffraction of (001) plane of γ crystal phase of PAs .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Thermomechanical recycling of polyamide 6 from fishing nets waste

Mondragón

Kortaberría

Mendiburu

et al. 2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The objective of this work is to analyze the possibility of thermomechanical recycling of polyamide 6 (PA6) from fishing nets waste. The effect of thermomechanical processing on PA yarns obtained from fishing nets waste was investigated by means of physicochemical, rheological, and thermal characterization. Infrared analysis indicated that the chemical composition of samples before and after thermomechanical recycling process was maintained, also confirmed by the thermal transitions detected by calorimetry and the presence of main peaks related to γ and α crystal phases of polyamides at X-ray diffraction spectra. As rheological and mechanical behavior showed by all recycled samples after processing is similar to those for virgin one, PA obtained from fishing nets waste seems to be valid for recycling, as they can be processed for different potential industrial applications without any remarkable loss of main properties.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Thermomechanical recycling of polyamide 6 from fishing nets waste

Mondragón

Kortaberría

Mendiburu

et al. 2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…The WAXS patterns of the unstretched and stretched PA6‐66–MMT–NS films are illustrated in Figure . The unstretched films presented two homogeneous halos, where the inner and outer ones corresponded to the (200) and (002) planes of α crystal population, respectively . Meanwhile, the inner halo in the MD–normal direction (ND) plane exhibited a high scattering intensity along the meridian (or ND).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of the biaxial orientation on the mechanical and optical properties and shrinkage of polyamide 6‐66–montmorillonite–nanosilica nanocomposite films

Liu

Yang

et al. 2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Polyamide 6-66 (PA6-66)-montmorillonite (MMT)-nanosilica (NS) nanocomposite films were fabricated through a cast film process and then biaxially stretched on a laboratory stretcher. Uniaxial or biaxial stretching induced the elongated conformation of MMT and NS. The b axis of the α crystals and the amorphous phase were revealed to align along the machine direction (MD) after stretching, with the uniaxial orientation playing a more significant role. Furthermore, the crystallinity of PA6-66 stretching increased with the stretching ratio. Uniaxial stretching gave rise to a significantly enhanced tensile strength along the MD, whereas it slightly decreased the mechanical properties along the transverse direction (TD). In contrast, the films subjected to biaxial stretching exhibited more balanced mechanical properties. Uniaxial and biaxial stretching led to decreased transmittance and increased haze in the PA6-66-MMT-NS films; this could have been due to the elongated nanostructure of the two nanofillers, which inhibited the transmission and facilitated the scattering of visible light. The thermal shrinkage of the films increased with increasing stretching ratio, and the biaxially oriented films presented nearly equal shrinkage in the MD and TD. The addition of nanofillers decreased the shrinkage attributed to the mobility inhibition of the polymer chains during heating.

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“…The maximum intensity of these peaks increases with the increasing drawing ratio. Additional measurements that confirm the crystalline structure are described in the previous paper [17]. Figure 5a presents the evaluated degree of crystallinity for the different films (for the method we refer to Refs.…”

Section: X-ray Diffractionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Orientation of nano-crystallites and anisotropy of uniaxially drawn α-polyamide 6 films: XRD, FTIR, and microwave measurements

et al. 2014

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We have used various techniques such as X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy as well as dielectric measurements with a 4 GHz Microwave resonator to investigate the structure of uniaxially drawn a-polyamide 6 films. The influence of uniaxial drawing on several parameters such as degree of crystallinity, orientation and size of crystallites, permittivity and anisotropy was studied as a function of the drawing ratio. The main axis (baxis) of the polyamide 6 nano-crystals is aligned in the direction of drawing, while the hydrogen bonds (a-axis) are oriented transverse to the drawing direction. Increasing the drawing ratio yields a higher crystallinity, a better orientation of the crystallites, and a stronger dielectric anisotropy of the films. The good agreement of the results demonstrates that all the three experimental techniques are well suited to characterize the microstructure of polyamide films.

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X-ray diffraction investigations of α-polyamide 6 films: orientation and structural changes upon uni- and biaxial drawing

Cited by 24 publications

References 12 publications

Thermomechanical recycling of polyamide 6 from fishing nets waste

Thermomechanical recycling of polyamide 6 from fishing nets waste

Effects of the biaxial orientation on the mechanical and optical properties and shrinkage of polyamide 6‐66–montmorillonite–nanosilica nanocomposite films

Orientation of nano-crystallites and anisotropy of uniaxially drawn α-polyamide 6 films: XRD, FTIR, and microwave measurements

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