X-Ray Diffraction Topography With a Vidicon Television Image System

Abstract

Reproduction of x-ray diffraction topographic images has been made at about 25 diameters enlargement by a closed-circuit television camera system with an x-ray sensing Vidicon tube which utilizes a beryllium window and PbO photoconductive target. The height of video signals is exactly proportional to x-ray intensity, and intensity distribution can be observed as a video waveform. It is shown that the television image system can be used for rapid observations of topographic images such as Pendellösung fringes and imperfections in crystals, although its resolution (about 30 μ) is inferior to that of the photographic method.

Synchrotron radiation – its application to high-speed, high-resolution X-ray diffraction topography

“…Many authors have reported systems based on X-ray sensitive vidicons (Chikawa & Fujimoto, 1968), conventional television with phosphor screens, sometimes with image intensifiers interposed (Meieran, Landre & O'Hara, 1969;Lang & Reifsnider, 1909;Kozaki, Hashizume & Kohra, 1972) and charge sensitive diode arrays (Rozgonyi, Haszko & Statile, 1970). With conventional sources these authors reported exposure times between 0.5 s and one minute with resolutions in the range from 10/~m to 30/zm over areas of a few mm square.…”

Application of Ru-filtered monochomatic AgKα2to X-ray topographic study

“…(5) If the present filter method is combined with direct observation by any of various television display systems (Chikawa & Fujimoto, 1968;Meieran, Landre & O'Hara, 1969;Chester & Koch, 1969;Lang & Reifsnider, 1969;Rozgonyi, Haszko & Statile, 1970) and with a powerful X-ray source such as already reported (Shimura, Yoshimatsu & Uematsu, 1969), the area observable at any one time may become much wider. By such a composite method, the regions can simultaneously be observed even if they are slightly misoriented with each other.…”

Live X-Ray Topography and Crystal Growth of Silicon

“…28,31) At the 4th International Conference on Crystal Growth in Tokyo, a movie of X-ray topographic images showing growth processes of Si crystals from the melt was exhibited. 29) This type of technique was referred to as "live X-ray topography" 30) and has been used for in-situ observations of defects, crystal growth, and phase transformation.…”

“…29,31) In 1968, we reported on this type of X-ray imaging system that could instantaneously display individual dislocations in a BeO crystal on a TV monitor. 28) Moving dislocations in an Si crystal were observed in 1972. 39) Since then, in order to realiz such TV displays of X-ray topographs with a conventional X-ray generator, many investigators developed various types of TV cameras with very high sensitivities; 17) most of them were of the indirect type in which X-ray images are first converted into visible-light images by phosphor screens.…”

“…An example of a topograph is "live X-ray topography" for in-situ observation of crystallization. [28][29][30][31] In the field of crystal growth, the breakthrough concept of "spiral growth by dislocations" was proposed by Frank 32) and is well known as a mechanism of growth without nucleation under a condition of small deviation from equilibrium. 33) This effect of dislocations on crystal growth may be supported by observations of such spiral steps on the surface of crystals grown from solution and the vapor phase, which were made ex post facto to the actual process of crystal growth by sophisticated techniques of optical microscopy.…”