X-ray energies for effective atomic number determination

Rutherford, R. A.; Pullan, Brian; Isherwood, I.

doi:10.1007/bf00327254

Cited by 87 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The basic principle of dual-energy is the acquisition of 2 datasets from the same anatomic location with different kVp (usually 80 and 140 kVp) (1,2,17,18). In the early days of CT, consecutive single-slice acquisitions with different kVp were performed as a dual-energy technique, but this method suffered from breathing and partial volume artifacts (1, 2).…”

Section: Technique and Principlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual-energy CT revisited by multidetector ct: review of principles and clinical applications

Karçaaltıncaba

Aktaş²

2010

Diagn Interv Radiol

154

127

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A lthough dual-energy CT (DECT) was first conceived in 1976, it has not been used widely for clinical indications (1-11). Recently, the simultaneous acquisition of dual-energy data has been introduced using multidetector CT (MDCT) with two X-ray tubes and rapid peak kilovoltage (kVp) switching (gemstone spectral imaging, GSI) (12-16). Two major advantages of DECT are material decomposition by the almost simultaneous acquisition of two image series with different kVp (80 and 140 kVp) and the elimination of misregistration artifacts. In general, noncontrast (unenhanced) images can be avoided by using the dual-energy mode for body and neurological applications; iodine can be removed from the image, and a virtual non-contrast (water) image can be acquired. The major advantage of 80-kVp compared to 140-kVp images is a higher image contrast (Fig. 1). Hounsfield unit measurements on DECT are not absolute and can change depending on the kVp used for the acquisition (at different keV). Typically, a combination of 80/140 kVp is used for DECT, but for some applications, 100/140 kVp is preferred. In this study, we summarized the clinical applications of DECT in the brain, chest and abdomen and in the cardiovascular and musculoskeletal systems (Table 1). Technique and principlesThe basic principle of dual-energy is the acquisition of 2 datasets from the same anatomic location with different kVp (usually 80 and 140 kVp) (1,2,17,18). In the early days of CT, consecutive single-slice acquisitions with different kVp were performed as a dual-energy technique, but this method suffered from breathing and partial volume artifacts (1, 2). At present, an entire body can be scanned within seconds using the DECT technique, and thus, misregistration artifacts due to breathing are eliminated.Currently, three systems are capable of the nearly simultaneous acquisition of dual-energy data during a single breath hold (12, 14, 15): 64-slice dual-source CT (Definition, Siemens Medical Systems; Erlangen, Germany), 128-slice dual-source CT (Definition Flash, Siemens Medical Systems) and high-definition 64-MDCT (Discovery 750 HD, GE Healthcare; Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA). In the two systems available from Siemens, the two tubes (tubes A and B) use different kVp (80 and 140 kVp), and in 64-MDCT, the kVp switches from 80 to 140 kVp in less than 0.5 ms. In dual systems, there is concern regarding the susceptibility of the system to cardiac motion due to the time difference (75 or 83 ms) between the tube A and tube B acquisitions of the dual-energy data, but the dual-source CT and 64-MDCT have not been compared to evaluate this issue. The technical specifications of the DECT systems are summarized in Table 2.The images presented in this article were acquired using a 64-slice dual source CT (Definition, Siemens Medical Systems) and a 64-MDCT (Discovery 750HD, GE Healthcare). The DECT data acquired by both systems can be evaluated with a dedicated workstation using dual-energy software that ABSTRACT Although dual-energy CT (DECT) was first conceived in ...

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Section: Technique and Principlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual-energy CT revisited by multidetector ct: review of principles and clinical applications

Karçaaltıncaba

Aktaş²

2010

Diagn Interv Radiol

154

127

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“…This, in turn, may enable a single contrastenhanced acquisition that yields both contrast-enhanced and nonenhanced data to be performed and thus reduce the patient's radiation exposure. In addition, owing to increased photoelectric absorption and less Compton scatter at the lower photon energy levels, the attenuation of contrast material is greater at 80 kVp than at 120 or 140 kVp (24)(25)(26)(27)(28). However, the use of low-peak-voltage techniques is associated with increased image noise.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Abdominal Aorta: Evaluation with Dual-Source Dual-Energy Multidetector CT after Endovascular Repair of Aneurysms—Initial Observations

et al. 2008

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“…The rationale behind DECT is that knowing how a substance behaves when exposed at different energies provides information about tissue composition, unobtainable with a single-energy approach [13,14]. In spectral imaging, such analysis takes advantage of photon-counting energy-sensitive detectors [3].…”

Section: 2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual-, Multi-, and Mono-Energy CT & Iodine: Basic Concepts and Clinical Applications

Catalano

Geiger

2013

CT of the Retroperitoneum

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X-ray energies for effective atomic number determination

Cited by 87 publications

References 6 publications

Dual-energy CT revisited by multidetector ct: review of principles and clinical applications

Dual-energy CT revisited by multidetector ct: review of principles and clinical applications

Abdominal Aorta: Evaluation with Dual-Source Dual-Energy Multidetector CT after Endovascular Repair of Aneurysms—Initial Observations

Dual-, Multi-, and Mono-Energy CT & Iodine: Basic Concepts and Clinical Applications

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