X-ray fluorescence spectrometry in art and archaeology

Mantler, Michael; Schreiner, Manfred

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4539(200001/02)29:1<3::aid-xrs398>3.0.co;2-o

Cited by 220 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…X-ray fluorescence (XRF) for cultural heritage materials is a widely used and wellassessed technique for compositional characterization of archaeological and artistic objects. It enables the elemental analysis of materials and provides an easy way to determine the materiality of artifacts [1][2][3][4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synchrotron X-ray Microprobes: An Application on Ancient Ceramics

et al. 2021

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Synchrotron X-ray µ- and nano-probes are increasingly affirming their relevance in cultural heritage applications, especially in material characterization of tiny and complex micro-samples which are typical from archaeological and artistic artifacts. For such purposes, synchrotron radiation facilities are tailoring and optimizing beamlines and set-ups for CH, taking also advantages from the challenges offered by the third-generation radiation sources. In ancient ceramics studies, relevant information for the identification of production centers and manufacture technology can be obtained in a non-invasive and non-destructive way at the micro-sample level by combining different SR based methods. However, the selection of appropriate beamlines, techniques and set-ups are critical for the success of the experiments. Fine and varnished wares (e.g., Attic and western-Greek colonial products) are an excellent case study for exploring challenges offered by synchrotron X-ray microprobes optimized to collect microchemical and phase-distribution maps. The determination of provenance and/or technological tracers is relevant in correctly classifying productions, often based only on ceramic paste, gloss macroscopic features or style. In addition, when these vessels are preserved in Museums as masterpieces or intact pieces the application of non-invasive approach at the micro sample is strictly required. Well-designed synchrotron µXRF and µXANES mapping experiments are able providing relevant clues for discriminating workshops and exploring technological aspects, which are fundamental in answering the current archaeological questions on varnished Greek or western-Greek colonial products.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synchrotron X-ray Microprobes: An Application on Ancient Ceramics

et al. 2021

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“…The study used the ratio of peak intensities of Ag Kα and Ag Lα to determine the presence or absence of silver enrichment by comparing values obtained from different information depths of Ag-Cu coins with a standard of similar composition. Other non-destructive analytical methods such as NAA, XRF, EDXS, PGAA and PIXE/PIGE have been used to retrieve the qualitative and quantitative composition from varying information depths in coins [21,[23][24][25][26][27][28]. For instance, Klockenkämper et al [13] studied Roman imperial coins with WDXRF and EPMA-EDS to compare the composition of silver coins at 30 µm and 3 µm depths.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-destructive identification of surface enrichment and trace element fractionation in ancient silver coins

Hrnjic

Hagen‐Peter

Birch

et al. 2020

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B:

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A common issue in non-destructive surface analysis of historical silver coins is depletion of Cu from the nearsurface areas, which in turn results in higher Ag content at a coin's surface. This paper reports a non-destructive analytical strategy using µXRF for identification of Ag and Cu surface enrichments and depletions by comparing peak intensity ratios of Ag Kα/Ag Lα, Cu Kα/Ag Kα and Cu Lα/Ag Lα for coins and Ag-Cu standards of similar composition. Our characterization of coins from different contexts and chronologies shows that a multi-standard approach provides the most reliable identification of surface enrichment of Ag and depletion of Cu. Coins possessing Ag surface enrichment were further analysed with LA-ICP-MS to determine any differences in trace element composition between the cores and surface of the coins. We show that the near-surface regions of these coins are enriched in Au and depleted in Co, Ni, As, and Pt relative to their cores. These systematics allow for a more robust assessment of the degree of silver coin surface alteration critically important in measuring the original composition of historical silver coins.

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“…Recently, the development of modern analytical methods has contributed to the growth of archaeology [2][3][4][5]. The most widely used techniques in the inspection, analysis, and dating of objects of heritage value include: scanning auger microscopy (SAM) [6], X-ray fluorescence (XRF) [7,8], X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), inductively coupled plasma coupled to optical emission (ICP-OES) [9], X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman microscopy, [3][4][5][6][7][8][9] nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) [10,11], and X-ray computed tomography (XCT) [12][13][14]. The application of these methods in the cultural heritage field has provided information about the spatial distributions of elements, structures of materials, the origins of objects, their usage, and the levels of degradation in artworks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast and In-Situ Identification of Archaeometallurgical Collections in the Museum of Malaga Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy and a New Mathematical Algorithm

2020

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This paper reports the use of an advanced statistical algorithm for the recognition and classification of a set of 30 archaeological metallic objects from the Museum of Malaga. In-situ laser-induced breakdown spectrometry (LIBS) analysis was performed using a portable analyzer. The coordinate-obtaining method provided the statistical weights of each element in the sample. A comparative study between the coordinate-obtaining method and the linear correlation method is also discussed in order to corroborate the applicability of the proposed approach to the field of cultural heritage. The possibility of fast identification based on the simultaneous comparison of all the spectra in the reference LIBS library while allowing the analysis of heterogeneous materials is the main advantage of the method. In addition, statistical analysis (Euclidean distance analysis and binary diagrams) suggested that differentiating between archaeological sites is feasible.

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X-ray fluorescence spectrometry in art and archaeology

Cited by 220 publications

References 14 publications

Synchrotron X-ray Microprobes: An Application on Ancient Ceramics

Synchrotron X-ray Microprobes: An Application on Ancient Ceramics

Non-destructive identification of surface enrichment and trace element fractionation in ancient silver coins

Fast and In-Situ Identification of Archaeometallurgical Collections in the Museum of Malaga Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy and a New Mathematical Algorithm

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