X-ray Phase Imaging Microscopy with Two-Dimensional Knife-Edge Filters

Abstract

A novel scheme of X-ray differential phase imaging was implemented with an array source and a two-dimensional Foucault knife-edge (2DFK). A pinhole array lens was employed to manipulate the X-ray beam on the Fourier space. An emerging biaxial scanning procedure was also demonstrated with the periodic 2DFK. The differential phase images (DPIs) of the midrib in a leaf of a rose bush were visualized to verify the phase imaging of biological specimens by the proposed method. It also has features of depicting multiple-stack phase images, and rendering morphological DPIs, because it acquires pure phase information.

X-ray volumetric quantitative phase imaging by Foucault differential filtering with linear scanning

“…Unlike conventional knife-edge scanning, scanning is performed in one direction. Nevertheless, the scanning direction and its opposite directional data also accumulated [21] . The corresponding intensities, i.e., BDF intensities for the x-y plane can be acquired by conducting the concurrent-bidirectional knife-edge filtering for each z-axial position.…”

Enhanced quantitative X-ray phase-contrast images using Foucault differential filters

“…However, this method could not be immediately applied to X-ray imaging, possibly because X-ray beams are intrinsically difficult to manipulate into highly coherent focused beams [12,13] . The X-ray Foucault knife-edge filtering method was demonstrated following the development of electron-phase imaging [14][15][16] . The achievement of quantitative phase imaging is one of the main topics in the field of X-ray imaging, especially regarding using a low flux and incoherent radiations source in the general laboratory environments.…”

“…The transmitted beams (t1-t4) are eventually eliminated in the imaging process because the differential filtering intensity (DFI) data acquired by the xand y-axis scanning is divided by the total intensity of the transmitted beams [15,17] . The QXPC image of the xy plane at a certain position on the optical axis is given by ∂φ ∂r…”