X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic study of a pristine pyrite surface reacted with water vapour and air

Nesbitt, H.W.; Muir, I.J.

doi:10.1016/0016-7037(94)90199-6

Cited by 317 publications

(184 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…However, when the pyrrhotite is treated with conditioning under the nitrogen atmosphere for 20 min, the Fe species and their relative contents are similar to that of untreated pyrrhotite. Fe2p with those from references, the peaks A, B, C, D, and E are attributed to Fe2(Sx)3, FeOOH, Fe2O3, FeS, and Fe2(SO4)3, respectively [23][24][25]. As can be seen from Figure 10 and According to Figure 11 [24,25,27].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…As shown in Figure 10 of Fe2p with those from references, the peaks A, B, C, D, and E are attributed to Fe 2 (S x ) 3 , FeOOH, Fe 2 O 3 , FeS, and Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3, respectively [23][24][25]. As can be seen from Figure 10 and Table 2, the Fe species of the untreated pyrrhotite surfaces mainly consist of Fe 2 (S x ) 3 , FeOOH, Fe 2 O 3 , and FeS, the relative contents of which are 45.83%, 21.95%, 15.78%, and 16.44%, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 68%

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The Effect of Conditioning on the Flotation of Pyrrhotite in the Presence of Chlorite

et al. 2017

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Abstract:The influence of conditioning on the flotation of pyrrhotite in the presence of chlorite was investigated through flotation tests, sedimentation tests, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. The flotation results show that chlorite slimes dramatically impair the flotation of pyrrhotite. Sedimentation and flotation tests reveal that conditioning can effectively remove chlorite slimes from pyrrhotite surfaces, resulting in an enhanced flotation recovery of pyrrhotite. When mixed minerals were conditioned under the natural atmosphere, a faster conditioning speed and longer conditioning time decreased the flotation recovery of pyrrhotite. However, when mixed minerals were conditioned under a nitrogen atmosphere, a more intensive conditioning process provided better flotation results. XPS analyses illustrate that a faster conditioning speed and longer conditioning time under the natural atmosphere accelerates the oxidation of pyrrhotite, leading to a decrease in the flotation recovery of pyrrhotite.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 62%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 68%

The Effect of Conditioning on the Flotation of Pyrrhotite in the Presence of Chlorite

et al. 2017

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“…The Fe 2p spectra show a narrow peak at 707.2 eV which is recognized as a Fe 2p 3/2 signal from low-spin Fe(II) in the pyrite lattice. A second Fe 2p 3/2 contribution found at a higher binding energy (BE) is mainly due to a multiplet structure (four maxima plus satellite) with a highest intensity at ∼709.8 eV from surface Fe(III) oxyhydroxides [17][18][19][20][21][22]. The presence of this Fe 2p feature is in agreement with the O 1 s spectra containing an O 2− contribution (530.4 eV), which reduces in spectra taken with increasing excitation energy and, therefore, probing depth.…”

Section: Haxpesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additional minor lines are ascribed to monosulfide (161.8 eV), and polysulfide (163.5 eV) and satellite at about 164.5 eV [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] and slightly vary with the excitation photon energy. The VB spectra are dominated by non-bonding Fe 3d 6 orbital states in the vicinity of 2 eV below the Fermi level [5][6][7].…”

Section: Haxpesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is known from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and other surface-sensitive techniques [2][3][4][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] that iron can be easily released from the lattice of these compounds, leaving non-equilibrium metal-deficient surface layers. The resulting surface sulfur enrichment is generally modest for oxidation-resistant pyrite, with intrinsic (fractured) pyrite surfaces possibly even being S-deficient [2][3][4][5][6][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. In contrast, the metal depleted layer incorporates di-and polysulfide species and low-spin Fe(II) and can be as thick as several micrometers at pyrrhotite reacted in acidic solutions under certain conditions [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hard X-ray photoelectron and X-ray absorption spectroscopy characterization of oxidized surfaces of iron sulfides

Mikhlin

Tomashevich

Vorobyev

et al. 2016

Applied Surface Science

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a b s t r a c tHard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES) using an excitation energy range of 2 keV to 6 keV in combination with Fe K-and S K-edge XANES, measured simultaneously in total electron (TEY) and partial fluorescence yield (PFY) modes, have been applied to study near-surface regions of natural polycrystalline pyrite FeS 2 and pyrrhotite Fe 1−x S before and after etching treatments in an acidic ferric chloride solution. It was found that the following near-surface regions are formed owing to the preferential release of iron from oxidized metal sulfide lattices: (i) a thin, no more than 1-4 nm in depth, outer layer containing polysulfide species, (ii) a layer exhibiting less pronounced stoichiometry deviations and low, if any, concentrations of polysulfide, the composition and dimensions of which vary for pyrite and pyrrhotite and depend on the chemical treatment, and (iii) an extended almost stoichiometric underlayer yielding modified TEY XANES spectra, probably, due to a higher content of defects. We suggest that the extended layered structure should heavily affect the near-surface electronic properties, and processes involving the surface and interfacial charge transfer.

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Resolution enhancement of x‐ray photoelectron spectra by maximum entropy deconvolution

Splinter

McIntyre

1998

Surf. Interface Anal.

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The maximum entropy method (MEM) is applied to the deconvolution of x‐ray photoelectron spectra. This method provides the least‐biased estimate of the unbroadened spectrum by using the Shannon information content as the regularizing functional. The large‐scale, non‐linear optimization problem is solved using a robust variable metric sequential‐quadratic programming (SQP) algorithm implemented on a personal computer (PC). The program is tested on simulated spectra and then shown to provide reliable resolution enhancement of measured spectra by unfolding a measured instrumental resolution function. Typical resolution enhancements of 50% are achievable in <15 min of computer time. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic study of a pristine pyrite surface reacted with water vapour and air

Cited by 317 publications

References 29 publications

The Effect of Conditioning on the Flotation of Pyrrhotite in the Presence of Chlorite

The Effect of Conditioning on the Flotation of Pyrrhotite in the Presence of Chlorite

Hard X-ray photoelectron and X-ray absorption spectroscopy characterization of oxidized surfaces of iron sulfides

Resolution enhancement of x‐ray photoelectron spectra by maximum entropy deconvolution

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