X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic study of catalyst based zinc oxide thin films

Structural, compositional and electrical properties of co-precipitated zinc stannate

“…The spectrum shows well-resolved doublets due to the zinc 2p 3/2 and 2p 1/2 components corresponding to binding energies 1022.49, 1022.32, 1021.98, 1021.75 eV and 1045.58, 1045.44, 1045.03, 1044.81 eV, for samples sintered at 400 • C, 600 • C, 800 • C, and 1000 • C respectively. The binding energy of Zn 2p 3/2 is attributed to the Zn 2+ bonding state, which agrees well with the previous report [28]. For all the samples, the binding energies of Zn 2p 3/2 is around 1022 eV, the values are higher than that of metallic Zn (1021.1 eV) [29].…”

Effect of Substrate Temperature on the Properties of Sprayed WO3 Thin Films Using Peroxotungstic Acid and Ammonium Tungstate: A Comparative Study

“…C 1s is present due to the contamination during sample handling before XPS measurement. 26 BE peaks of various core levels of W confirm that W is present in the oxidized state. 27,28 BE values of the core levels are in good agreement with that of the sub-stoichiometric WO 3 .…”

“…The appearances of binding energy (BE) peaks of hydroxyl groups, surface oxygen or especially of carbonates is common, as seen in Ref. 26. Here, the C 1s BE line is used as an internal standard for the estimation of the value of the peak position.…”

Effect of solution concentration on physicochemical and gas sensing properties of sprayed WO3 thin films

“…Deconvoluting each narrow scan spectrum separately gives two components; one peak with higher intensity is around 530 eV and another peak with lower intensity is around 532 eV. Peak at lower energy is assigned to the oxygen that bonded to tungsten [24] and that at higher energy value is assigned to the various oxygen species [25]. It consists of contribution from different oxygen species such as surface oxygen species (surface dangling W=O bonds) [18], hydroxyls species OH -, a carbonyl contribution and also from adsorbed molecular water which is present due to aging of the films before XPS …”