X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Evidence for the Covalent Bond between an Iron Surface and Aryl Groups Attached by the Electrochemical Reduction of Diazonium Salts

Boukerma, Kada; Chehimi, Mohamed M.; Pinson, Jean; Blomfield, C.

doi:10.1021/la030046g

Cited by 159 publications

(145 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The reduction of the diazonium occurs by simple contact of the salt with the material provided this latter has sufficient reducing power; this is the case of carbon materials and metals such as gold. Via either spontaneous or chemically, electrochemically or radiationinduced grafting, covalent bonds were reported to be of the following natures: C-C [48,49,50], C-O-Aryl [48], C-N=N-Aryl [49,48], metal-C [9,51,52], metal-N=N-Aryl [52], and metal-O-C for the interaction of diazonium salts with metal oxides [53]. Table 1 summarizes methods of surface modification of nanoparticles using aryldiazonium salts and the underlying mechanisms of reactions.…”

Section: Methods Of Attachment Of Aryl Layers To Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functionalization of nanomaterials with aryldiazonium salts

Mohamed

Salmi

Dahoumane

et al. 2015

Advances in Colloid and Interface Science

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167

137

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Section: Methods Of Attachment Of Aryl Layers To Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functionalization of nanomaterials with aryldiazonium salts

Mohamed

Salmi

Dahoumane

et al. 2015

Advances in Colloid and Interface Science

Self Cite

167

137

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“…However, if the considerable potential of aryl diazonium salts is to be fulfilled, a number of key advances need to be made. These include being able to limit the modification to monolayers [31], understanding the order and stability of these layers on different substrates [32], elucidate the nature of the chemical bond and mechanisms of bonding on metal surfaces [16,22,23], being able to controllably form mixed layers containing multiple functionalities and the simplification of the synthesis of these diazonium salts as in some cases the synthesis of the diazonium salts from the corresponding aniline derivatives can be problematical with more complicated molecules [33]. It is the latter two points that will be the subject of this study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Study of the Modification of Gold and Glassy Carbon Surfaces with Mixed Layers of In Situ Generated Aryl Diazonium Compounds

et al. 2010

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In situ generated aryl diazonium cations were synthesized in the electrochemical cell by reaction of the corresponding amines with NaNO 2 in aqueous HCl. This paper reports a study of the formation of mixed layers from in situ generated aryl diazonium cations. Firstly, glassy carbon (GC) and gold electrode surfaces were modified with five single in situ generated aryl diazonium salts to obtain their corresponding reductive potential followed by the modification of GC and gold surfaces with eight binary mixed layers of in situ generated aryl diazonium salts. The difference between GC and gold surfaces in terms of in situ formation of two-component aryl diazonium salt films was compared. The behavior of the mixed layers formed from in situ generated aryl diazonium salts relative to diazonium salts that were pre-synthesized prior to surface modification was also investigated. Cyclic voltammetry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to characterize the resulting modified GC and gold surfaces. It is found that for some aryl diazonium salts the potential at which reductive adsorption is achieved on gold and GC surfaces is significantly different. For the eight sets of binary mixed layers, the species with more anodic potential are more difficult to attach to the both GC and gold surfaces. The behavior of the mixed layers formed from in situ generated aryl diazonium salts and the pre-synthesized diazonium salts is similar; which emphasizes the advantage of the in situ approach without any apparent difference in behavior to the presynthesized diazonium salts.

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“…In our case, the voltammograms for nitrobenzene DAS (upper) and nitroazobenzen DAS (lower) at the glassy carbon electrodes affected by 2, 5 and 10 th CV cycles in acetonitrile (0.1 M TBATFB) vs. Ag/Ag þ (10 mM) was shown in Figure 1. Irreversible peak in the first scan corresponds to the reduction of the diazonium salt and to the formation of the radical, which reacts with the GC surface and with an already attached aryl layers [13]. The peak potentials of the diazionium reduction waves are observed at about À 0.03 V and À 0.13 V for nitrobenzene and nitroazobenzene, respectively.…”

Section: Covalent Grafting Of Nitrobenzene Andmentioning

confidence: 98%

Analysis of the Effect of Potential Cycles on the Reflective Infrared Signals of Nitro Groups in Nanofilms: Application of the Fractional Moments Statistics

et al. 2010

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The effect of the potential cycles on the reflective IR signals of nitro-groups in nanofilms was studied for the statistical characterization of nitrobenzene (NB) and nitroazobenzene (NAB)-modified glassy carbon (GC) surfaces. Both NB and NAB nanofilms were obtained by the electrochemical reduction of the diazonium tetrafluoroborate salts in acetonitrile using cyclic voltammetry (CV). The modified surfaces were denoted as GC-(NB) n and GC-(NAB) n , respectively, where n indicates the number of CV cycles performed during modification. Reflective IR signals of the normalized NB and NAB nanofilms and GC were used for the quantitative evaluation of the effect of the potential cycles on the reflective IR signals of nitro-groups in nanofilms. The detection and quantitative reading of the influence of number of CV cycles were realized in the frame of a new error controllable approach that was applied for analysis of all available set of data. This approach includes in itself the following basic steps: (a) the procedure of the division (normalization) on the GC spectra, (b) the comparison of the smoothed spectra for their statistical proximity in the frame of the statistics of the fractional moments, (c) extraction of possible calibration parameters for possible calibration of the normalized spectra with respect to the number of CV cycles. These three basic steps are becoming effective for detection of the influence of some external factors. In our case it is important to detect the influence of the factor n characterizing CV cycles.

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X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Evidence for the Covalent Bond between an Iron Surface and Aryl Groups Attached by the Electrochemical Reduction of Diazonium Salts

Cited by 159 publications

References 21 publications

Functionalization of nanomaterials with aryldiazonium salts

Functionalization of nanomaterials with aryldiazonium salts

A Comparative Study of the Modification of Gold and Glassy Carbon Surfaces with Mixed Layers of In Situ Generated Aryl Diazonium Compounds

Analysis of the Effect of Potential Cycles on the Reflective Infrared Signals of Nitro Groups in Nanofilms: Application of the Fractional Moments Statistics

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