X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Chromium Trioxide and some of its Suboxides

Thermal Evaporation and Characterization of Sb2Se3 Thin Film for Substrate Sb2Se3/CdS Solar Cells

“…Peak of O 1s disappeared as shown in Figure b, indicating Sb 2 O 3 only presented on the top surface of Sb 2 Se 3 film. All Sb 4d and Se 4d peaks (in both fresh and etched samples) could be perfectly fitted with Gaussian–Lorentzian peaks, and their binding energies were in good agreement with the expected value in Sb 2 Se 3 , excluding the presence of Sb 5+ or elemental Se in our sample. In other words, the bulk of our sample was pure Sb 2 Se 3 with some Sb 2 O 3 presented on the surface.…”

Fabrication of nanocrystalline high-entropy oxide CoNiFeCrMnOx thin film electrodes by dip-coating for oxygen evolution electrocatalysis

“…Importantly, the Mn 2p 3/2 peak of HEO-400-1h was identified as more asymmetric, specifically with more intensity at higher binding energies compared to HEO-400-10min implying that Mn 4+ is present in higher concentrations at the surface, when the annealing time is prolonged from 10 min to 1 h. For the Cr 2p emission lines, Cr shows a complex main peak at 576.4–576.7 eV without the presence of any satellites suggesting the existence of Cr 3+ cations being present as Cr–O and/or Cr–OH groups at the surface. 34,35 Interestingly, a pronounced shoulder develops at 579.0 eV for the HEO-400-1h sample, which allows the assumption that Cr 3+ is oxidized to Cr 5+/6+ with prolonged calcination at 400 °C. The formation of higher oxidized chromium species was also observed for HEO spinel films calcined at 600 °C and other sol–gel derived La(CrMnFeCo 2 Ni)O 3 perovskite HEOs.…”