X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of maleated polypropylene treated wood fibers in a high-intensity thermokinetic mixer

Kazayawoko, M.; Balatinecz, John J.; Sodhi, Rana N.S.

doi:10.1007/s002260050122

Cited by 34 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Among them, the influence of surface treatment of wood flour with maleated polypropylene (MAPP) on the strength properties of polypropylene (PP)-wood-fiber composites has received particular attention [3][4][5][6]. Many in-depth studies have reported improvement in the strength properties of PP-wood-fiber composites when MAPP was used in the formulation and the mechanisms of adhesion between wood fiber and PP matrix that caused the improvement [3][4][5][6][12][13][14][15]. In addition, few studies have discussed the effect of fiber treatments on the performance of polyvinyl chloride (PVC)-wood-flour composites [7,8].…”

Section: Introduction Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of Maleated and Acrylic Acid-Functionalized Polyolefin Coupling Agents for HDPE-Wood-Flour Composites

Matuana

2003

Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials

115

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The performance of fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites strongly depends on solid fiber-matrix adhesion to allow stress transfer between the phases. Fiber surface modification with coupling agents is generally needed to induce bond formation between the fiber and the polymer. This study investigated the effects of coupling agent's functional monomer (acrylic acid vs. maleic anhydride) and base resin (polyethylene (PE) vs. polypropylene (PP)) types on the tensile and flexural properties of high-density polyethylene (HDPE)-wood-flour composites. The interfacial adhesion between wood flour and HDPE matrix was examined using environmental scanning electron microscope. The experimental results indicate that the types of functional monomer and base resin are important factors determining the effectiveness of functionalized coupling agents for HDPEwood-flour composites. Maleic anhydride-functionalized polyolefins perform better than acrylic acid counterparts whereas PE-based maleated coupling agents are more effective than PP-based counterparts in improving the strength properties of HDPE-wood-flour composites.

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Section: Introduction Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of Maleated and Acrylic Acid-Functionalized Polyolefin Coupling Agents for HDPE-Wood-Flour Composites

Matuana

2003

Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials

115

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“…8,11,12,29 In these studies, the correlation of highresolution C 1s data -namely the percentage of the C1 peak -with O/C atomic ratios allowed drawing detailed conclusions on the surface chemical composition of pulp and paper materials. 8,11,12,29 In Fig. 4, we show a correlation plot of the total atomic percentage of the C-C and C-H bonded carbon (C1 peak) as a function of the O/C atomic concentration ratio for ink-jet printed papers.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

XPS investigations of ink‐jet printed paper

Lützenkirchen‐Hecht

Rohrmann²,

Stöcker

et al. 2007

Surface & Interface Analysis

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Different ink-jet printed paper materials were investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) yielding the elemental composition of the near-surface region of the papers. We found significant differences with respect to the detected elements and their atomic concentrations in the different inks studied here. Two different groups of inks could be identified by means of a lower ratio of the O and C atomic concentrations and lower concentrations in specific trace elements like Mg, Na and Si. Highresolution spectra of C 1s and O 1s core levels allowed a detailed determination of the chemical state of the respective elements. On the basis of a detailed deconvolution of these XPS signals, significant differences between all the investigated ink-jet printed papers were found, thereby allowing their discrimination. The applicability of the measurements and, more generally, the XPS technique for forensic investigations of paper are discussed.

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“…MAPE grafting of wood flour (42 mesh) was conducted in a reactor in the presence of a solvent according to the method described by Kazayawoko et al [16,17] and Chuai et al [18] Before grafting, the wood flour was oven-dried Figure 1. Model of the esterification reaction between wood fiber and maleic anhydride polyethylene.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The observed decrease in the contribution of the C4 carbon after treatment of the jack pine fibers can be explained by the fact that the resulting ester links are masked by long polyethylene chains, so that they are not readily detected by XPS, which has a probing depth of about 5 nm. [16] It could also be explained by the greater removal of the lipohilic components from the surface during MAPE grafting conducted in a reactor in the presence of an apolair solvent (xylene).…”

Section: Surface and Interface Characterization By Xpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Among-Species Variability in Wood Fiber Surface Using DRIFTS and XPS: Effects on Esterification Efficiency

Bouafif

Koubaa

Perré

et al. 2008

Journal of Wood Chemistry and Technology

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Variability in the chemical composition of surface properties of various wood fibers (eastern white cedar, jack pine, black spruce, and bark) was investigated using diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Both DRIFTS and XPS showed high variability in fiber surface composition between species and between fiber types (sapwood, heartwood, and bark). Fiber surface was modified by esterification reaction using a maleic anhydride polyethylene (MAPE) treatment. DRIFTS failed to assess surface modification, whereas XPS results showed that MAPE treatment increased the surface hydrocarbon concentration of jack pine wood fiber, indicated by a decrease in oxygen-carbon ratio and an increase in relative intensity of the C1 component in the C1s signal. Lignin concentration variability on the fiber surface was determined as the major factor that prevents esterification from taking place.

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X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of maleated polypropylene treated wood fibers in a high-intensity thermokinetic mixer

Cited by 34 publications

References 2 publications

Effectiveness of Maleated and Acrylic Acid-Functionalized Polyolefin Coupling Agents for HDPE-Wood-Flour Composites

Effectiveness of Maleated and Acrylic Acid-Functionalized Polyolefin Coupling Agents for HDPE-Wood-Flour Composites

XPS investigations of ink‐jet printed paper

Analysis of Among-Species Variability in Wood Fiber Surface Using DRIFTS and XPS: Effects on Esterification Efficiency

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