X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Study of Nitrogen and Aluminum-Nitrogen Doped ZnO Films

Polymer Solar Cells with Efficiency >10% Enabled via a Facile Solution‐Processed Al‐Doped ZnO Electron Transporting Layer

“…The slightly higher Al content (4.3 at%) for u-AZO fi lms suggests that the ammonia treatment modifi es the Al content in the s-AZO thin fi lms possibly by partially dissolving the AZO nanoparticles. The low binding energy component is assigned to N occupying the O vacancy in ZnO, [ 64,65 ] though some authors attribute this to the existence of N-H bonds. A typical core level spectrum of the Al 2p 3/2 is shown in the inset of Figure 3 b.…”

“…The Al 2 p 3 /2 peak is very weak in intensity, mainly due to the low concentration of Al in the ZnO matrix (≈2-3 at%) and the low values of the ionization cross-section of Al. Huang et al [ 53 ] and Ievtushenko et al [ 65 ] have reported that nitrogen incorporated in ZnO or AZO can compensate for the native defects and suppress the surface defects in ZnO and AZO. This possibly indicates the presence of Al in the ZnO lattice.…”

Effect of nitrogen-doping on photo-catalytic activity of polypyrrole/zinc oxide/flyash cenosphere (PPY/ZnO/FAC) composite under visible light

“…The peaks at higher energy levels ~409.6 revealed the presence of N-O bond depicting absorbance of N atom on ZnO [52,53]. The lower energy peaks ~396.8 confirmed the doping of ZnO with nitrogen [54].…”

Effect of Argon Deposition Pressure on the Properties of Aluminum-Doped ZnO Films Deposited Layer-By-Layer Using Magnetron Sputtering

“…Recently, we have proposed a new procedure of MS for growing undoped zinc oxide films, the level-bylevel deposition. ZnO films are grown in a number of stages, with breaks in between [12]. This procedure allowed us to improve the perfection of the undoped film structure.…”