X-Ray Powder Diffraction Patterns for Certain β-Lactam, Tetracycline and Macrolide Antibiotic Drugs

Abstract

X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) data for eight β-lactam viz., ampicillin sodium, ampicillin trihydrate, penicillin G procaine, benzathine penicillin, benzyl penicillin sodium, cefalexin, cefotaxime sodium and ceftriaxone sodium; three tetracyclines viz., doxycycline hydrochloride, oxytetracycline dihydrate and tetracycline hydrochloride; and two macrolide viz., azithromycin and erythromycin estolate antibiotic drugs were obtained using a powder diffractometer. The drugs were scanned from Bragg angles (2θ) of 10˚ to 70˚. The obtained data were tabulated in terms of the lattice spacing (Å) and relative line intensities (I/II). This new information may be useful for identifying these drugs from confiscated materials, which has been frequently encountered in forensic laboratories.

Structural Analysis of Ciprofloxacin-Carbopol Polymeric Composites by X-Ray Diffraction and Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy

“…X-ray powder diffractometry (XRPD) can often be carried out to monitor structural changes in a solid with a high degree of accuracy in relation to conditions such as temperature, pressure or exposure to gaseous atmospheres of varying composition, including relative humidity [1][2][3]. XRPD is a useful qualitative tool in the pharmaceutical industry for studying the crystal morphology of active ingredients and polymers singly or in a mixture [3,4].…”

“…XRPD is a useful qualitative tool in the pharmaceutical industry for studying the crystal morphology of active ingredients and polymers singly or in a mixture [3,4]. Since the crystalline form of a drug is more rigid and thermodynamically stable than its amorphous form [5], it is usually necessary to study crystalline compounds alone and in composites.…”

“…Since pure ciprofloxacin is crystalline in nature [3], x-ray diffraction (XRD) and FTIR studies were undertaken in the present work to determine whether the crystallinity of ciprofloxacin was affected when it is incorporated in a composite.…”

IR, 1H NMR, mass, XRD and TGA/DTA investigations on the ciprofloxacin/iodine charge-transfer complex

“…19.04 • and 26.58 • , respectively. Thangadurai et al [41] has showed that the main characterizing peaks were at 19.41 • , 26.44 • , 26.86 • and 27.35 • . The crystallographic data (scattering angles, d-spacings, and relative intensities) for ciprofloxacin doped with iodine is listed in Table 5.…”

Preparation and evaluation of three mucoadhesive dosage forms using 99mTc–Ofloxacin

“…In setting up the specimen and apparatus, co-planarity of the specimen surface with the specimen holder surface and the setting of the specimen holder at the position of symmetric reflection geometry were assured. The powders were passed through a 100 mesh sieve and were placed into the sample holder by the side drift technique (Thangadurai et al, 2003). In order to prepare a sample for analysis, a glass slide was clipped up to the top face of the sample holder so as to form a wall.…”