X-ray tomographic observation of environmental assisted cracking in heat-treated lean duplex stainless steel

Eguchi, Kenichiro; Burnett, Timothy L.; Engelberg, Dirk

doi:10.1016/j.corsci.2021.109363

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…EDX mapping was performed over a cover remnant near the pit mouth (Figure 4c), which revealed intense aluminium and oxygen signals. Aluminium is an impurity element originating from metallurgical purification processes and is present with silicon in the form of oxide inclusions [56]. It seems that aluminium in the inclusions preferentially oxidised and formed thick anodic oxides on the cover surface.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been reported that 0.7 ppm is sufficient to cause hydrogen embrittlement of high-strength steel [68]. The duplex wire has a tensile strength of ≈1100 MPa and is susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement [56]. Therefore, the cause of the cracking and collapse of the perforated metal cover over the corrosion pits must have been reasoned by hydrogen embrittlement.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Understanding Corrosion Morphology of Duplex Stainless Steel Wire in Chloride Electrolyte

Örnek¹,

Davut²,

Kocabaş³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The corrosion morphology in grade 2205 duplex stainless steel wire has been studied to understand the nature of pitting and the causes of the ferrite phase's selective corrosion in acidic NaCl solution. It is shown that the corrosion mechanism is always pitting, which either manifests lacy cover perforation or densely-arrayed selective cavities developing on the ferrite phase. Pits with a lacy metal cover form in concentrated chloride solutions, whereas the ferrite phase's selective corrosion develops in diluted electrolytes, showing dependency on the chloride-ion concentration. The pit perforation is probabilistic and occurs on both austenite and ferrite grains. The lacy metal covers collapse in concentrated solutions but remain intact in diluted electrolytes. The collapse of the lacy metal cover happens due to hydrogen embrittlement. Pit evolution is deterministic and occurs selectively in the ferrite phase in light chloride solutions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding Corrosion Morphology of Duplex Stainless Steel Wire in Chloride Electrolyte

Örnek¹,

Davut²,

Kocabaş³

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…EDX mapping was performed over a cover remnant near the pit mouth (Figure 4c), revealing intense aluminium and oxygen signals. Aluminium is an impurity element originating from metallurgical purification processes and is present with silicon in the form of oxide inclusions [64]. It seems that aluminium in the inclusions preferentially oxidised and formed thick anodic oxides on the cover surface.…”

Section: Polarisation Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been reported that 0.7 ppm is sufficient to cause hydrogen embrittlement of high-strength steel [76]. The duplex wire has a tensile strength of ≈1100 MPa and is susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement [64]. Therefore, the cause of the cracking and collapse of the perforated metal cover over the corrosion pits must have been reasoned by hydrogen embrittlement.…”

Section: Pit Cover Collapse and Hydrogen Embrittlementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding Corrosion Morphology of Duplex Stainless Steel Wire in Chloride Electrolyte

Örnek

Davut

Kocabaş

et al. 2021

CMD

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The corrosion morphology in grade 2205 duplex stainless steel wire was studied to understand the nature of pitting and the causes of the ferrite phase’s selective corrosion in acidic (pH 3) NaCl solutions at 60 °C. It is shown that the corrosion mechanism is always pitting, which either manifests lacy cover perforation or densely arrayed selective cavities developing selectively on the ferrite phase. Pits with a lacy metal cover form in concentrated chloride solutions, whereas the ferrite phase’s selective corrosion develops in diluted electrolytes, showing dependency on the chloride-ion concentration. The pit perforation is probabilistic and occurs on both austenite and ferrite grains. The lacy metal covers collapse in concentrated solutions but remain intact in diluted electrolytes. The collapse of the lacy metal cover happens due to hydrogen embrittlement. Pit evolution is deterministic and occurs selectively in the ferrite phase in light chloride solutions.

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“…XCT has been used by Eguchi et al, who managed to image damage in a 2202 lean duplex steel specimen. [ 18 ] In order to obtain high‐resolution images, they had to use very small wires (about 300 μm diameter). As they used laboratory XCT (pixel size of 1.64 μm), they had to heavily rely on scanning electron microscope (SEM) pictures to disclose the origin of fracture.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Analysis of Hydrogen‐Assisted Microcracking in Duplex Stainless Steel through X‐Ray Refraction 3D Imaging

et al. 2022

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While the problem of the identification of mechanisms of hydrogen‐assisted damage has and is being thoroughly studied, the quantitative analysis of such damage still lacks suitable tools. In fact, while, for instance, electron microscopy yields excellent characterization, the quantitative analysis of damage requires at the same time large field‐of‐views and high spatial resolution. Synchrotron X‐ray refraction techniques do possess both features. Herein, it is shown how synchrotron X‐ray refraction computed tomography (SXRCT) can quantify damage induced by hydrogen embrittlement in a lean duplex steel, yielding results that overperform even those achievable by synchrotron X‐ray absorption computed tomography. As already reported in the literature, but this time using a nondestructive technique, it is shown that the hydrogen charge does not penetrate to the center of tensile specimens. By the comparison between virgin and hydrogen‐charged specimens, it is deduced that cracks in the specimen bulk are due to the rolling process rather than hydrogen‐assisted. It is shown that (micro)cracks propagate from the surface of tensile specimens to the interior with increasing applied strain, and it is deduced that a significant crack propagation can only be observed short before rupture.

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X-ray tomographic observation of environmental assisted cracking in heat-treated lean duplex stainless steel

Cited by 15 publications

References 51 publications

Understanding Corrosion Morphology of Duplex Stainless Steel Wire in Chloride Electrolyte

Understanding Corrosion Morphology of Duplex Stainless Steel Wire in Chloride Electrolyte

Understanding Corrosion Morphology of Duplex Stainless Steel Wire in Chloride Electrolyte

Quantitative Analysis of Hydrogen‐Assisted Microcracking in Duplex Stainless Steel through X‐Ray Refraction 3D Imaging

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