X-, γ, β-ray detector windows of composite material replacing beryllium in the 4.2–420 K temperature range

Rimbert, J. N.; Testard, O.

doi:10.1016/0168-9002(86)91154-x

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Numerically, the permeation rate is the product of the solid solubility and the diffusion coefficient [20], but for inert gases in metals the solid solubility is "immeasurably small" [20,21]. Nevertheless, foreign particle inclusions [22], grain boundary corrosion [23], or grain boundary cracking due to deformation near the Al gasket, might cause the kind of leak dependence observed. At room temperature, and with Be windows considerably thinner (10 /im vs 0.25 mm in our case), He leakage through window assemblies in Si(Li) and Ge detectors has been observed [24], while no leak is apparent with exposure to air.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Replaceable Be and Al windows for X-ray beam lines

Oversluizen

Stefan

1988

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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Construction details and results of ongoing performance tests are presented for two ultra-high vacuum compatible, free-convection cooled window assemblies in which the window disk is easily replaceable. In the Be window assembly, an 0.25 mm thick Be disk, 38 mm in diameter is sealed into a stainless steel adapter flange using 0.5 mm diameter pure Al wire. The assembly is leak-10 3 tight to better than 1 x 10 atm cm /sec before and after multiple bakeouts to 250° C. However, an unexplained temperature-dependent He leak, with a maximum magnitude in the low 10 atm cm /sec range at 250° C, appears during bakeout. Possible causes for this leak are discussed. In the Al window assembly, a 25 /im thick Al disc, 60 mm in diameter acts as the sealing medium as well as the window material over a 10 mm by 50 mm opening. This assembly remains leak tight to better than 1 x 10 atm cm /sec throughout multiple bakeouts to 150° C and has been successfully tested in white and monochromatic beam lines at the NSLS x-ray ring.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Replaceable Be and Al windows for X-ray beam lines

Oversluizen

Stefan

1988

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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“…The serious disadvantage for the use of these cryostats for X-ray studies is the need to include a 'window' for the beam. Toxic beryllium is a traditional choice, being mostly transparent to mid-to high-energy X-rays, however Kapton is also popular, being non-toxic with better transmission of low energy X-rays [29]. Beryllium becomes brittle at low temperatures, and may not be able to hold a vacuum.…”

Section: Closed Cycle Refrigeratormentioning

confidence: 99%

High pressure neutron and X-ray diffraction at low temperatures

Ridley

Kamenev

2014

Zeitschrift Für Kristallographie – Crystalline Materials

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This paper presents a review of techniques and considerations in the design and construction of high pressure, low temperature diffraction experiments. Also intended as an introductory text to new high pressure users, the crucial aspects of pressure cell design are covered. The general classification of common designs, and a discussion into the key beam interaction, mechanical, and thermal properties of commonly used materials is given. The advantages of different materials and high pressure cell classifications are discussed, and examples of designs developed for low temperature diffraction studies are presented, and compared.

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“…The contamination in the Be windows can readily be eliminated by replacing t h e Be with composite windows consisting of multi-layer aluminized Mylar, Kapton, or other plastic film [7,8].…”

Section: Average Count Rates With and Without Anticoincidence Backgromentioning

confidence: 99%

L X-ray spectrometry in vivo with a Si(Li)-NaI(Tl) detector

Strauss

Keane

Reinke

et al. 1990

IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.

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A new Si (Li) -NaI (Tl) spectrometer was developed for measurements of UL x rays from 2 3 9~~ in lungs of exposed persons. The spectrometer consists of six large, cooled Si(Li) detectors mounted on edge to provide two windows, one facing the lungs and the other a NaI(T1) scintillator for anticoincidence background suppression.The sensitive area of the array is 5 4 . 5 cm2 and the FWHM resolution at 17 keV is 390 eV.The ambient background count rate per minute in the energy band of interest of the Si(Li)-NaI(Tl) detector is 0.13. This is < 1 / 4 of that of an equal-area HPGe detector and 1 / 1 5 of an equal-area phoswich. The sensitivity of this detector for 239Pu approaches the maximum achievable, where the minimum detectable level is fundamentally limited by the lung geometry (signal) and the natural radioactivity in the human body (background). With this detector one can measure low level Pu in human lun s directly even in the presence of q41Am.

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X-, γ, β-ray detector windows of composite material replacing beryllium in the 4.2–420 K temperature range

Cited by 7 publications

References 3 publications

Replaceable Be and Al windows for X-ray beam lines

Replaceable Be and Al windows for X-ray beam lines

High pressure neutron and X-ray diffraction at low temperatures

L X-ray spectrometry in vivo with a Si(Li)-NaI(Tl) detector

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