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Fischer, J.; Luhman, M. L.; Satyapal, S.; Greenhouse, Matthew A.; Stacey, G. J.; Bradford, C. M.; Lord, S. D.; Brauher, J.; Unger, S. J.; Clegg, P. E.; Smith, H. A.; Melnick, Gary J.; Colbert, James; Malkan, Matthew A.; Spinoglio, L.; Cox, P.; Harvey, V.; Suter, J. P.; Strelnitski, V.

doi:10.1023/a:1002641429502

Cited by 46 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…2.2.3.2), OH, H 2 O, NH 3 and CH are seen in absorption or emission (see Fig. 1 of Fischer et al, 1999b, also refer to Hur et al, 1996;Fischer et al, 1997;Bradford et al, 1999;Fischer et al, 1999a;Fischer et al, 1999b;Colbert et al, 1999;Sturm et al, 2000;Rigopoulou et al, 2002;Spoon et al, 2002;Spinoglio et al, 2005). Molecular absorption features appear to be more common (and prominent) in sources of high luminosity (e.g.…”

Section: Molecular Featuresmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The fine structure lines that are predominant in starburst galaxies are absent or weak in the spectra of higher luminosity (Malhotra et al, 1997;Fischer et al, 1997;Fischer et al, 1999b;Fischer et al, 1999a). In particular, the [CII]158µm/FIR continuum ratio decreases with increasing luminosity (Malhotra et al, 1997) and in ULIGs is only 10% of that measured for starbursts (Luhman et al, 1998;Fischer, 2000;Luhman et al, 2003) and is even lower in LINERs (Sanei and Satyapal, 2002).…”

Section: Fir Spectroscopy and The [Cii] Deficitmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…ULIGs) than those of lower luminosity (Fischer et al, 1999b;Fischer et al, 1999a;Spoon et al, 2002). Spectra displaying molecular absorption features show a wide variety of excitation: from starburst galaxies like M82 which display features indicating that most of the O and C molecules occupy the ground-state, to objects such as ULIGs where a significant population exists at higher energy levels (Fischer et al, 1999b;Fischer et al, 1999a). Additional absorption features at 6.85 and 7.25µm are seen in the spectra of some active galaxies and ULIGs (Spoon et al, 2002).…”

Section: Molecular Featuresmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Molecular absorption features appear to be more common (and prominent) in sources of high luminosity (e.g. ULIGs) than those of lower luminosity (Fischer et al, 1999b;Fischer et al, 1999a;Spoon et al, 2002). Spectra displaying molecular absorption features show a wide variety of excitation: from starburst galaxies like M82 which display features indicating that most of the O and C molecules occupy the ground-state, to objects such as ULIGs where a significant population exists at higher energy levels (Fischer et al, 1999b;Fischer et al, 1999a).…”

Section: Molecular Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, the radiation field and gas density may play a role. Ageing bursts were discounted because of the detection of the high excitation lines [NeIII] and [SIII] and because older starbursts are unlikely to fuel such high luminosities (Fischer et al, 1999a). Increased collisional de-excitation, rather than the decrease in the photoelectric heating efficiency, was supported by Negishi et al (2001).…”

Section: Fir Spectroscopy and The [Cii] Deficitmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Obscured Activity: AGN, Quasars, Starbursts and ULIGs Observed by the Infrared Space Observatory

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Abstract. Some of the most 'active' galaxies in the Universe are obscured by large quantities of dust and emit a substantial fraction of their bolometric luminosity in the infrared. Observations of these infrared luminous galaxies with the Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) have provided a relatively unabsorbed view to the sources fuelling this active emission. The improved sensitivity, spatial resolution and spectroscopic capability of ISO over its predecessor Infrared Astronomical Satellite (IRAS), has enabled significant advances in the understanding of the infrared properties of active galaxies. ISO surveyed a wide range of active galaxies which, in the context of this review, includes those powered by intense bursts of star-formation as well as those containing a dominant active galactic nucleus (AGN). Mid infrared imaging resolved for the first time the dust enshrouded nuclei in many nearby galaxies, while a new era in infrared spectroscopy was opened by probing a wealth of atomic, ionic and molecular lines as well as broad band features in the mid and far infrared. This was particularly useful since it resulted in the understanding of the power production, excitation and fuelling mechanisms in the nuclei of active galaxies including the intriguing but so far elusive ultraluminous infrared galaxies. Detailed studies of various classes of AGN and quasars greatly improved our understanding of the unification scenario. Far-infrared imaging and photometry also revealed the presence of a new very cold dust component in galaxies and furthered our knowledge of the far-infrared properties of faint starbursts, ULIGs and quasars. We summarise almost nine years of key results based upon ISO data spanning the full range of luminosity and type of active galaxies.

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Section: Molecular Featuresmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Fir Spectroscopy and The [Cii] Deficitmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Molecular Featuresmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Molecular Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fir Spectroscopy and The [Cii] Deficitmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Obscured Activity: AGN, Quasars, Starbursts and ULIGs Observed by the Infrared Space Observatory

et al.

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References

2011

Organic Matter in the Universe

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Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies

Lonsdale

Farrah

Smith

Springer Praxis Books

181

182

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Ever since their discovery in the 1970's, UltraLuminous InfraRed Galaxies (ULIRGs; classically Lir>10^12Lsun) have fascinated astronomers with their immense luminosities, and frustrated them due to their singularly opaque nature, almost in equal measure. Over the last decade, however, comprehensive observations from the X-ray through to the radio have produced a consensus picture of local ULIRGs, showing that they are mergers between gas rich galaxies, where the interaction triggers some combination of dust-enshrouded starburst and AGN activity, with the starburst usually dominating. Very recent results have thrown ULIRGs even further to the fore. Originally they were thought of as little more than a local oddity, but the latest IR surveys have shown that ULIRGs are vastly more numerous at high redshift, and tantalizing suggestions of physical differences between high and low redshift ULIRGs hint at differences in their formation modes and local environment. In this review we look at recent progress on understanding the physics and evolution of local ULIRGs, the contribution of high redshift ULIRGs to the cosmic infrared background and the global history of star formation, and the role of ULIRGs as diagnostics of the formation of massive galaxies and large-scale structures.Comment: Review article, published in "Astrophysics Update 2 - topical and timely reviews on astronomy and astrophysics". Ed. John W. Mason. Springer/Praxis books. ISBN: 3-540-30312-X. 53 pages, 5 figures. Higher quality figures available on reques

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Cited by 46 publications

References 4 publications

Obscured Activity: AGN, Quasars, Starbursts and ULIGs Observed by the Infrared Space Observatory

Obscured Activity: AGN, Quasars, Starbursts and ULIGs Observed by the Infrared Space Observatory

References

Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies

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