XAFS study of kesterite, kuramite and stannite type alloys

Zalewski, W.; Bacewicz, R.; Antonowicz, Jerzy; Pietnoczka, A.; Evstigneeva, T. L.; Schorr, Susan

doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2009.11.158

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Still, no prevalent amorphous phase can be observed in the diffractograms. On this basis, the XRD results support the mixed occupancy of the cations in the available tetrahedral sites, which are suggested to play a decisive role in the semiconducting and transport properties of the compound [2,33,82]. It should be noted that for both kuramite and mohite the cubic polymorphs have been reported but only at high temperatures of 680 °C and 780 °C, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

“…These multinary sulfides have extremely low toxicity, consist of earth-abundant elements [3] and can be obtained by means of processes that are more energy efficient with respect to those used for silicon-based solar cell production [2,16–27]. Most of these processes yield nanocrystalline materials that can be easily dispersed in inks [28–33], leading to a plethora of new applications, even processing on flexible surfaces. Most of the efforts in this research field aim at the optimal trade-off between the solar energy conversion performance, scalability and sustainability of these nanocrystalline multinary sulfides [34–35].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Green and scalable synthesis of nanocrystalline kuramite

Giaccherini¹,

Cucinotta²,

Martinuzzi³

et al. 2019

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol.

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The new generation of solar cells aims to overcome many of the issues created by silicon-based devices (e.g., decommissioning, flexibility and high-energy production costs). Due to the scarcity of the resources involved in the process and the need for the reduction of potential pollution, a greener approach to solar cell material production is required. Among others, the solvothermal approach for the synthesis of nanocrystalline Cu–Sn–S (CTS) materials fulfils all of these requirements. The material constraints must be considered, not only for the final product, but for the whole production process. Most works reporting the successful synthesis of CTS have employed surfactants, high pressure or noxious solvents. In this paper, we demonstrate the synthesis of nanocrystalline kuramite by means of a simpler, greener and scalable solvothermal synthesis. We exploited a multianalytical characterization approach (X-ray diffraction, extended X-ray absorption fine structure, field emission scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and electronic microprobe analysis (EMPA)) to discriminate kuramite from other closely related polymorphs. Moreover, we confirmed the presence of structural defects due to a relevant antisite population.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green and scalable synthesis of nanocrystalline kuramite

Giaccherini¹,

Cucinotta²,

Martinuzzi³

et al. 2019

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol.

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“…Cu (3Àx) Zn x SnS 4 ), due to the high degree of structural similarity between disordered kesterite and Cu 3 SnS 4 . 36 The Raman signal can be attributable simply to motifs of the Cu 3 SnS 4 structure appearing within the solid solution at the nanoscale, strongly enhanced due to the resonant effect arising from the similarity of the Cu 3 SnS 4 band gap to the excitation laser energy (1.6 eV (ref. 37) cf.…”

Section: Morphology and Phase Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospects for defect engineering in Cu₂ZnSnS₄ solar absorber films

et al. 2020

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“…Additionally, the grain size in thin films can be small, leading to broader peaks, and for small nanoparticles, often only a few broad diffraction peaks remain. Other groups have synthesized CZTS materials in powder 10 , thin film 11 , and some EXAFS studies have been carried out on these materials; [12][13][14][15][16][17] XANES studies at the S edge (and at the Se K edge for CZTSe) have also been carried out for thin film samples 18,19 but there is little to compare directly with our data. However we include these results in the Discussion section.…”

Section: 8mentioning

confidence: 99%

Local Structure Studies of As-Made Cu2ZnSnS4 Nanoparticles

et al. 2017

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Though Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) is a promising material for thin film solar cells, a significant challenge remains in understanding the structures being formed, particularly in non-stoichiometric materials. We use the extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) technique to study the local structure and stoichiometry of as-made, Cu-deficient, CZTS nanoparticles and present K edge data and fits about each of the cations (Cu, Zn, Sn). The data show that all the metal-S (M-S) pairs have the bond lengths of the kesterite structure within 0.02Å, and the pair distribution function is very narrow (σ ∼ 0.07Å). This precludes significant fractions of other phases with different M-S bondlengths. The data also reveal some Sn second neighbors about Sn whereas there are none in the stoichiometric kesterite (or stannite) structure. Consequently, Sn antisite defects must be present on Cu or Zn sites; this is not surprising since there is some excess of Sn. More importantly, the second neighbor Sn-Sn distance is significantly longer than other M-M distances and the antisite Sn defects must therefore introduce significant disorder within the Cu and Zn sub-lattices. The largest distortions are found about Cu and are modeled using a strongly broadened (or split) peak distribution for the Cu-Cu/Zn pairs. We also find that excess Zn does not go onto Cu sites but rather onto Sn sites. The samples are best described as a kesterite structure with significant antisite disorder.

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XAFS study of kesterite, kuramite and stannite type alloys

Cited by 17 publications

References 12 publications

Green and scalable synthesis of nanocrystalline kuramite

Green and scalable synthesis of nanocrystalline kuramite

Prospects for defect engineering in Cu₂ZnSnS₄ solar absorber films

Local Structure Studies of As-Made Cu2ZnSnS4 Nanoparticles

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XAFS study of kesterite, kuramite and stannite type alloys

Cited by 17 publications

References 12 publications

Green and scalable synthesis of nanocrystalline kuramite

Green and scalable synthesis of nanocrystalline kuramite

Prospects for defect engineering in Cu2ZnSnS4 solar absorber films

Local Structure Studies of As-Made Cu2ZnSnS4 Nanoparticles

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Product

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About

Prospects for defect engineering in Cu₂ZnSnS₄ solar absorber films