Xanthones with pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity from the pericarps of Garcinia mangostana L. (Guttiferae)

Abstract

Bioactivity-guided isolation of natural compounds from the pericarps of Garcinia mangostana, using a pancreatic lipase assay, led to the identification of 13 xanthones including a-mangostin (1), b-mangostin (2), g-mangostin (3), 1-isomangostin (4), gartanin (5), garcinone D (6), 9-hydroxycalabaxanthone (7), smeathxanthone A (8), tovophyllin A (9), 8-deoxygartanin (10), mangostanin (11), calocalabaxanthone (12), and 1,7-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-2-(3-methylbut-2-enyl) xanthen-9-one (13). The inhibitory activities of the isolated xanthones against pancreatic lipase were evaluated and a-mangostin (1) was found to possess the most potent inhibitory activity (IC 50 5.0 mM) in a non-competitive manner, compared with the positive control, orlistat (IC 50 3.9 mM).Practical applications: Pancreatic lipase is a key enzyme in lipid absorption. A total of 13 compounds were isolated from the pericarps of G. mangostana. Their structures were characterized by HRESI-MS, and 1D and 2D-NMR spectroscopic data. Our results show that all the isolates exhibited inhibitory activity against pancreatic lipase. Of the active xanthones, a-mangostin displayed the most potent lipase inhibition, with an IC 50 value of 5.0 mM. Furthermore, kinetic analysis of a-mangostin was carried out. In the Lineweaver-Burk plot, the apparent V max values in the presence of 1, 2, 4, and 10 mM a-mangostin were decreased compared with those without a-mangostin, whereas the K m values of 4-MU oleate with and without a-mangostin were both close to 3.22 mM. Finally, it is evident that xanthone derivatives isolated from G. mangostana possess pancreatic lipase inhibitory activities.

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Mangosteen Extract Shows a Potent Insulin Sensitizing Effect in Obese Female Patients: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Pilot Study

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