“…We used then these characteristics and others mentioned in the NF Directive (e.g., ease of access and consistency) to interpret the EU provisions. Moreover, we relied on financial accounting literature, which states that reports or companies are transparent when they provide information that reflects all material aspects (Mulford and Comiskey, 2002;Roohani et al, 2009), the substance of events in a straightforward manner (McEwen, 2009) so that it is readily understandable by users (Barth and Schipper, 2008) and easily extracted and effectively used (Hunton et al, 2006). In summary, information is transparent when it provides a clear, concise, and balanced information on relevant aspects (Bushman et al, 2004).…”