Xenogenic Adenoviral Vectors

Mittal, Suresh K.; Ahi, Yadvinder S.; Vemula, Sai V.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-800276-6.00019-x

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 198 publications

(267 reference statements)

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“…The PAdVs are suspected to be widespread in pigs, and among five PAdVs, PAdV3 is the most prevalent and well-characterized serotype [ 19 ]; however, their detection has not been reported from pigs reared in India. The present study identified and retrieved a total of two adenovirus sequences from piglets.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and Molecular Characterization of Animal Adenovirus and Astrovirus from Western Maharashtra, India

Sawant,

Waghchaure,

Shinde

et al. 2023

Viruses

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Astroviruses (AstV) and adenoviruses (AdV) are associated with diarrhoea in young animals. However, the epidemiology and genetic diversity of AstVs and AdVs in animals is not well studied. Hence, the present study was conducted to detect and characterize AstVs and AdVs in calves, piglets and puppies from Western Maharashtra, India. Out of the processed porcine (48), canine (80), and bovine (65) faecal samples, the porcine AstV (PAstV), bovine AstV (BAstV), canine AstV (CAstV), and porcine AdV (PAdV) were detected in 12.5%, 7.69%, 3.75% and 4.1% of samples, respectively. In the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase region-based phylogenetic analysis, the detected BAstV strains grouped with MAstV-28, MAstV-33, and MAstV-35, CAstV strains belonged to MAstV-5; PAstV strains belonged to MAstV-24, MAstV-26, and MAstV-31. However, in hexon gene-based phylogeny, both the detected PAdV were of genotype 3, exhibiting 91.9–92.5% nucleotide identity with Ivoirian and Chinese strains. The study reports first-time BAstVs from calves and PAdV-3 from piglets in India. The study revealed diversity in the circulation of AstVs in tested animals and AdVs in pigs, and suggested that they alone might be associated with other diarrhoea or in combination with other enteric pathogens, thus highlighting the necessity of extensive epidemiological investigations to develop diagnostic tools and control measures.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and Molecular Characterization of Animal Adenovirus and Astrovirus from Western Maharashtra, India

Sawant,

Waghchaure,

Shinde

et al. 2023

Viruses

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“…AdV is a common human pathogen, and there are more than 60 different types of HAdVs that are known to infect humans, so that the majority of individuals are infected with one or more AdV types early in their lives leading to a high occurrence of pre-existing AdV vector immunity [17, 18, 34]. Therefore, several less prevalent HAdV types, as well as nonhuman AdVs including ChAdV, BAdV, and others, have developed as gene delivery systems to circumvent pre-existing vector immunity [5, 35–39].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longevity of adenovirus vector immunity in mice and its implications for vaccine efficacy

Sayedahmed

Kumari

Shukla

et al. 2018

Vaccine

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There is a high incidence of adenovirus (AdV) infection in humans due to the presence of more than 60 types of human adenoviruses (HAdVs). The majority of individuals are exposed to one or more HAdV types early in their lives, leading to the development of AdV type-specific neutralizing antibodies. Similarly, immunization or gene therapy with AdV vectors leads to immune responses to the AdV vector. This ‘vector immunity’ is a concern for AdV vector-based applications for vaccines or gene therapy, especially when the repeated administration of a vector is required. The objective of this investigation was to establish whether AdV neutralizing antibody titers decline sufficiently in a year to permit annual vaccination with the same AdV vector. Naïve or human adenoviral vector group C, serotype 5 (HAdV-C5)-primed mice were mock-inoculated (with PBS) or inoculated i.m. with 108 PFU of either HAd-GFP [HAdV-C5 vector expressing the green fluorescent protein (GFP)] to mimic the conditions for the first inoculation with an AdV vector-based vaccine. At 1, 3, 6, and 10 months post-HAd-GFP inoculation, naïve- or HAdV-primed animals were vaccinated i.m. with 108 PFU of HAd-H5HA [HAdV-C5 vector expressing hemagglutinin (HA) of H5N1 influenza virus]. There was a significant continual decrease in vector immunity titers with time, thereby leading to significant continual increases in the levels of HA-specific humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. In addition, significant improvement in protection efficacy against challenge with an antigenically heterologous H5N1 virus was observed in HAdV-primed animals at 6 months and onwards. These results indicate that the annual immunization with the same AdV vector may be effective due to a significant decline in vector immunity.

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“… 19 The CAR enables the entry of many chimpanzee Ads (ChAds), including ChAd3, ChAd63 and ChAdC7. 20 , 21 Contrarily, HAds from subgroup B1, such as B3, B7 and B16, bind to cluster of differentiation 80 (CD80) and CD86, which are costimulatory molecules often expressed on antigen‐presenting cells (APCs). Whereas Ads from the subgroup B2 such as B11, B14 and B35 bind CD46, a protein often expressed on many cell types, including DCs and haematopoietic stem cells.…”

Section: Biology Of Adenovirusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adenoviral vector‐based platforms for developing effective vaccines to combat respiratory viral infections

et al. 2021

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Since the development of the first vaccine against smallpox over two centuries ago, vaccination strategies have been at the forefront of significantly impacting the incidences of infectious diseases globally. However, the increase in the human population, deforestation and climate change, and the rise in worldwide travel have favored the emergence of new viruses with the potential to cause pandemics. The ongoing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) pandemic is a cruel reminder of the impact of novel pathogens and the suboptimal capabilities of conventional vaccines. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new vaccine strategies that allow the production of billions of doses in a short duration and are broadly protective against emerging and re‐emerging infectious diseases. Extensive knowledge of the molecular biology and immunology of adenoviruses (Ad) has favored Ad vectors as platforms for vaccine design. The Ad‐based vaccine platform represents an attractive strategy as it induces robust humoral and cell‐mediated immune responses and can meet the global demand in a pandemic situation. This review describes the status of Ad vector‐based vaccines in preclinical and clinical studies for current and emerging respiratory viruses, particularly coronaviruses, influenza viruses and respiratory syncytial viruses.

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Xenogenic Adenoviral Vectors

Cited by 10 publications

References 198 publications

Detection and Molecular Characterization of Animal Adenovirus and Astrovirus from Western Maharashtra, India

Detection and Molecular Characterization of Animal Adenovirus and Astrovirus from Western Maharashtra, India

Longevity of adenovirus vector immunity in mice and its implications for vaccine efficacy

Adenoviral vector‐based platforms for developing effective vaccines to combat respiratory viral infections

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