Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is the leading cause of death for individuals suffering from end-stage kidney failure. While kidney transplantation is the most viable solution to CKD, it has many challenges and limitations. This review evaluates kidney transplant rejection and the various transplantation methods that may be employed to treat CKD. Kidney rejection and long-term transplant survival is the main concern regarding transplantation attempts. Thus, scientist must screen and strategize appropriately to ensure kidney transplant survival. Tissue engineering techniques are explored as means to improve upon transplantation attempts. Research into ensuring adequate organ scaffold design has become crucial in the field of regenerative medicine. Furthermore, the role of integrins is discussed as a central component for future tissue engineering techniques, by taking the study of scaffold design to the molecular level. Finally, a glimpse into the current advancements of three-dimensional bioprinting highlights the future of tissue engineering and shows how the field of regenerative medicine is taking another step closer to developing "home-grown" kidneys. With the prospect of generating a fully lab-created, personalized kidney, CKD may one day be treated without encountering any of the limitations that have hindered previous attempts.