Xin-Jia-Xiang-Ru-Yin alleviated H1N1-induced acute lung injury and inhibited the IFN-γ-related regulatory pathway in summer flu

Abstract

Seasonal influenza is an acute viral infection caused by influenza virus, which is often prevalent in summer and winter. In contrast to the prevalent focus on winter flu, summer flu is often ignored by epidemiological researchers. However, summer flu should be studied because of the special immune status and the influenza spread mechanism in the hot and humid environment. Moreover, people are more likely to catch a summertime cold upon suddenly entering relatively cool air conditioning from the hot and humid environment. To simulate summer flu, we established a flu animal model under a high temperature and humidity environment during the day with a relatively low temperature at night to investigate the anti-influenza virus effect and mechanism of Xin-Jia-Xiang-Ru-Yin. The results of RT-qPCR verified virus replication, while pathological sections showed inflammation. The expression of the IFN-γ-related regulatory pathway was measured by PCR and immunohistochemistry. We concluded that Xin-Jia-Xiang-Ru-Yin, which combined antiviral therapy and immune modulation effects, might have important therapeutic benefits against summer flu.

Research progress on the effect of traditional Chinese medicine on the activation of PRRs-mediated NF-κB signaling pathway to inhibit influenza pneumonia

“…XJXRY is often used in the clinical treatment of influenza in summer (Li et al, 2018). It consists of Mosla chinensis Maxim, L. japonica Thunb, Lablab purpureus, the bark of M. officinalis, and F. suspensa (Thunb.)…”

Chinese Medicinal Plants with Antiviral Activities for Treatment of the Common Cold and Flu

“…Punica granatum L. (pomegranate), which belongs to Punicacea, has shown anti-influenza properties by replication suppression of influenza A virus in cell culture [39,40]. Some of the most important Chinese herbal compound prescriptions to treat flu and cold are Xin-Jia-Xiang-Ru-Yin, Yi-Zhi-Hao pellet (CYZH), Rorrico, Jinchai, Gegen Qinlian decoction, Ge Gen decoction, and IMOD and Arbidol combination, and most of them consist of Jinyinhua (Flos lonicerae), Huangqin (Radix astragali), Chaihu (Radix bupleuri), and Dangshen (Radix codonopsis) [41][42][43][44].…”

Perspectives of herbs and their natural compounds, and herb formulas on treating diverse diseases through regulating complicated JAK/STAT signaling

“…Regarding the aspects of Chinese herbal formulas, approximately five herbal formulas regulating STAT1 cascade were collected in preclinical investigational studies, and these were Yu-Ping-Feng decoction ( Zhou et al, 2021 ), Yiguanjian decoction ( Boriero et al, 2021 ), Sijunzi decoction ( Xiong and Qian, 2013 ), Yu-Ping-Feng powder ( Xiong and Qian, 2013 ), Ganghuo Kanggan decoction ( Lai et al, 2020 ), and Xin-Jia-Xiang-Ru-Yin ( Li et al, 2018 ). These formulas, Yiguanjian decoction ( Boriero et al, 2021 ), Sijunzi decoction ( Xiong and Qian, 2013 ), Yupingfeng powder ( Lai et al, 2020 ), Ganghuo Kanggan decoction ( Lai et al, 2020 ), and Xin-Jia-Xiang-Ru-Yin ( Li et al, 2018 ), were crucial for treating hepatic fibrosis, spleen deficiency, and influenza through inhibiting STAT1 signaling, whereas the other formula, Yu-Ping-Feng decoction, induces opposite effects on STAT1 activation to anti-cancer ( Zhou et al, 2021 ). Extracts from two herbs, including a natural extract from Gardenia jasminoides J. Ellis (GJ-4) ( Liu et al, 2021 ) and bisabolane-type sesquiterpenoids isolated from turmeric ( Ti et al, 2021 ), were mentioned here to antagonize Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and infection through inactivating STAT1.…”