XPS Analysis of the Effect of Fillers on PTFE Transfer Film Development in Sliding Contacts

Blanchet, Thierry A.; Kennedy, Francis E.; Jayne, D. T.

doi:10.1080/10402009308983193

Cited by 62 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…As shown in Figure 5b, the free-space length appears to be a relatively good predictor of wear rate; the results also suggest there is a lower bound associated with full coverage and an upper bound associated with no coverage. The free-space length is also closely related to the visual cues that typically motivate adjectives like "uniform", "coherent", "continuous", and "complete" in the transfer film literature [15][16][17]37,44]. To date, however, there remain relatively few quantitative studies of transfer film morphology and the community has yet to agree on a single metric by which transfer film quality should be evaluated.…”

Section: Transfer Film Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Adhesion is often thought of in terms of bonding and may have physical or chemical origins [44,[63][64][65][66][67]. Briscoe [8] first proposed that filler-induced polymer degradation helps improve transfer film adhesion.…”

Section: Adhesion Of the Transfer Filmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bahadur and Gong [3] hypothesized that filler decomposition rather than polymer degradation improves the link between the transfer film and the counterface. Gong et al [67] and Blanchet et al [44] showed that fillers had no effect on the chemistry of the film-counterface interface of PTFE composites. More than two decades later, Harris et al [27,29] revealed that strong adhesion in the ultra-low-wear alumina PTFE nanocomposite ( Figure 6) system is likely to have chemical origins.…”

Section: Adhesion Of the Transfer Filmmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review of Transfer Films and Their Role in Ultra-Low-Wear Sliding of Polymers

Burris

Xie

2016

Lubricants

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Abstract:In dry sliding conditions, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) composites can form thin, uniform, and protective transfer films on hard, metallic counterfaces that may play a significant role in friction and wear control. Qualitative characterizations of transfer film morphology, composition, and adhesion to the counterface suggest they are all good predictors of friction and, particularly, wear performance. However, a lack of quantitative transfer film characterization methods and uncertainty regarding specific mechanisms of friction and wear control make definitive conclusions about causal relationships between transfer film and tribological properties difficult. This paper reviews the state of the art in the solid lubricant transfer film literature and highlights recent advances in quantitative characterization thereof.

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Section: Transfer Film Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Adhesion Of the Transfer Filmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Adhesion Of the Transfer Filmmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review of Transfer Films and Their Role in Ultra-Low-Wear Sliding of Polymers

Burris

Xie

2016

Lubricants

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“…These films are qualitatively described as thin, thick, coherent, patchy, tenacious, well-adhered, or flaky and are thought to both protect the composite and provide low friction sliding. [29][30][31][32][33]38,39,41,53] The critical role of transfer films in tribology is universally noted by tribologists but quantitative measurements of these films are lacking. [42] Because transfer films consume composite material during formation they are coupled with the nature of the wear debris.…”

Section: Comparisons Of the Tribological Properties Of Polymer Nanocomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They reduce wear by shielding the softer solid lubricant from direct asperity contact and they reduce friction by providing low shear strength for motion accommodation during sliding. [36][37][38][39][40][41][42] Upon sliding, the frictional and normal forces are measured or inferred at the specimen simultaneously. A detailed uncertainty analysis of the measurement of friction coefficient on a similar pin-on-flat tribometer was performed by Schmitz et al, [43] and illustrates the metrology challenges associated with such a seemingly simple measurement.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymeric Nanocomposites for Tribological Applications

Burris

Boesl

Bourne

et al. 2007

Macro Materials & Eng

239

120

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Composites in TribologyPolymer composites are well known for offering engineers high strength-to-weight ratios and flexibility in material design. [1,2] The physical properties of a composite can be tuned to satisfy various functional requirements of a target application, including stiffness and strength, thermal and electrical transport, and wear resistance to name a few. Often, composites are designed to fulfill several functions simultaneously.One area of engineering that is particularly invested in the development and design of high performance polymer composites is tribology, the science related to interacting surfaces in relative motion. Bearings are systems that contain sliding interfaces, and are relied upon by nearly all moving mechanical systems. Though rarely recognized, Feature ArticlePolymer nanocomposites operate in applications where fluid and grease lubricants fail, and have superior tribological performance to traditional polymer composites. Nanoparticle fillers have been a part of notable reductions in the wear rate of the polymer matrix at very low loadings. Despite instances of remarkable wear reductions at unprecedented loadings (3 000 times at 0.5% loading in one case), there is a lack of general agreement within the literature on the mechanisms of wear resistance in these nanocomposites. In addition, results appear to vary widely from study to study with only subtle changes of the filler material or blending technique. The apparent wide variation in tribological results is likely a result of processing and experimental differences. Tribology is inherently complex with no governing laws for dry sliding friction or wear, and the state of the art in polymeric nanocomposites tribology includes many qualitative descriptors of important system parameters, such as particle dispersion, bulk mechanical properties, debris morphology, and transfer film adhesion, morphology, composition, and chemistry. The coupling of inherent tribological complexities with the complicated mechanics of poorly characterized nanocomposites makes interpretation of experimental results and the state of the field extremely difficult. This paper reviews the state of the art in polymeric nanocomposites tribology and highlights the need for more quantitative studies. Examples of such quantitative measurements are given from recent studies, which mostly involve investigation of polytetrafluoroethylene matrix nanocomposites.

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Surface Mechanical Damage and Wear of Polymers

Sinha

Briscoe

2006

Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology

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This chapter provides an up‐to‐date review of the current understanding in the area of mechanical damage and wear of polymer surfaces. Wear is explained by the two‐term friction model and classified as the interfacial (adhesive) wear and the cohesive (abrasive) wear. Further, distinction is made between other mechanisms that may occur in concurrence with the above two types. Two important such mechanisms are the chemical wear and the fatigue wear. Complexities associated with the microscopic events such as the stick‐slip phenomenon and with the lubrication aspect of polymers are also highlighted. Finally, a short review of the wear process encountered in the case of polymer composites is presented as composites have become the most popular and economic way of solving many of the industrial tribolgical problems where polymers are involved.

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XPS Analysis of the Effect of Fillers on PTFE Transfer Film Development in Sliding Contacts

Cited by 62 publications

References 27 publications

A Review of Transfer Films and Their Role in Ultra-Low-Wear Sliding of Polymers

A Review of Transfer Films and Their Role in Ultra-Low-Wear Sliding of Polymers

Polymeric Nanocomposites for Tribological Applications

Surface Mechanical Damage and Wear of Polymers

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