XXXV.—The solubilities and transition-points of lithium nitrate and its hydrates

Abstract

By FREDERICK GEORGE DONNAN and BRYCE CHUDLEIGH BURT. THE object of the experiments described in this paper was to examine the various solid phases which can separate from the two-component system, water-lithium nitrate, and t o determine the conditions of their existence in contact with the saturated solution. AS the first member of im group, lithium shows many analogies with the elements of the succeeding series, in particular with calcium. I n agreement with this, lithium nitrate is a very deliquescent and extremely soluble salt. It is also characterised by a tendency t o form supersaturated solutions, resembling calcium chloride in this respect. The first experiments on the hydrates of lithium nitrate appear to have been those of Kremers (Jahresberichte, 1854, 324; Pogg. Ann., 92, 520), who mentions t h a t he obtained a hydrate crystallising in needles and also another forni crystallising in rhombohedra which he assumed to be the anhydrous salt. The former he regvrded as the hydrate LiN0,,2$H20. The same formula was assigned to i t by Troost (Julwesberichte, 1857, 140). Both observers obtained this salt by crystallisation below 20' .

Thermodynamic study of the system (LiCl+LiNO3+H2O)

“…Also presented in figure 1 are the data from the literature [5,[7][8][9]. Generally, our data are in good agreement with those of Campbell in 1958 [9] and quite different from those reported by Donnan [7] and Campbell in 1942 [8].…”

“…Also presented in figure 1 are the data from the literature [5,[7][8][9]. Generally, our data are in good agreement with those of Campbell in 1958 [9] and quite different from those reported by Donnan [7] and Campbell in 1942 [8]. The solubility data of Campbell in 1958 [9] are somewhat scattered and obviously higher than our results at temperatures near 273 K. Based on all of their scattered experimental points Campbell et al drew a liquidus line (see figure 4 in [9]), which also shows negative salt concentration deviation from the scattered points at T = 273 K and is in agreement with our data.…”

The System Lithium Nitrate–ethanol–water and Its Component Binary Systems

“…The system LiN0,-H20 was first studied in detail by Donnan and Burt (2). They reported the existence of a congruently melting trihydrate and of a hemihydrate, which decomposed into anhydrous salt and solution a t 61.1' C. Campbell and Kartzmark (3) repeated the dilatometric experiments of Donnan and Burt but were unable to find any evidence for the existence of the supposed hemihydrate; neither did hemihydrate appear in their isothermal study a t 25' C.…”

“…Can This system was submitted to tller~nal analysis. Since the results showed 110 indication of the existence of the peritectic point reportecl by Donnan and Burt ( 2 ) , and since the worlc of Campbell and I<artzmark (3) had indicated t h a t the helnihydrate did not exist, X-ray diffraction worli was dolie as an aclditional checli. Diffraction pictures of anhydrous lithium nitrate were taken a t room temperature, a t 45', and a t 100' C. A second picture was talien a t the latter temperature, after prolonged heating, ill case any phase transformation occurred slowly.…”

THE SYSTEM LiNO3–C2H5OH-H2O AT 25 °C.

“…+ H 2 0 , claimed to exist by Donnan and Burt (2). T h e dilatometric experiments also show no indication of a phase change in the region claimed by Donnan and Burt for the change: LiN03.…”