XXXVII. <i>Secondary x-rays and the atomic weight of nickel</i>

Barkla, Charles G.; Sadler, Charles A.

doi:10.1080/14786440709463697

Cited by 24 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…The additional phase difference between contributions from successive layers of spacing, d, is 1 . 6.…”

Section: S T (I ) -Iasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…modifying the Fresnel reflection response for three types of surface structure. 1. The reflectivity may be calculated for the surface or interface for which the density and/or optical constants vary with depth.…”

Section: Effect Of Surface Structure Upon Mirror Reflectivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the light elements at the higher photon energies for which Compton scattering may become significant the atomic scattering factor becomes equal to / 0 , the well tabulated atomic form factor [7], [8]. fo is a function of sin 0/ A which is equal to Z for forward scattering or for low energy x rays and rapidly approaches zero value for large scattering angles at the higher photon energies [5] and [1].…”

Section: E Estimation Of the Incoherently Scattered Intensitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…See for example, the comprehens_ivewo:rk ofR. W. James, "The Optical Principles of the Diffraction of X-Rays" [1]. The atomic scattering factor, f = 11 + if2, is defined in Fig.…”

Section: Introduction: Defining the Atomic Scattering Factormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The scattered electric field from an atom is therefore, · ro A= -A0 -P(<P)! r (1) where Ao is the inCident electric field, r is the distance from the atom to the observation point, r 0 is the classical electron radius ( e 2 / mc 2 ), and the polarization factor, P( <P) is unity. for an 'incident electric field vector that is perpendicular to the plane of scattering (a--polarization) and is equal to cos<P for an incident electric field vector that is in the plane of scattering (1r-polarization).…”

Section: Introduction: Defining the Atomic Scattering Factormentioning

confidence: 99%

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X-Ray Interactions: Photoabsorption, Scattering, Transmission, and Reflection at E = 50-30,000 eV, Z = 1-92

Henke

Gullikson

Davis

1993

Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables

5,660

166

3,132

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“…The additional phase difference between contributions from successive layers of spacing, d, is 1 . 6.…”

Section: S T (I ) -Iasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effect Of Surface Structure Upon Mirror Reflectivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: E Estimation Of the Incoherently Scattered Intensitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…See for example, the comprehens_ivewo:rk ofR. W. James, "The Optical Principles of the Diffraction of X-Rays" [1]. The atomic scattering factor, f = 11 + if2, is defined in Fig.…”

Section: Introduction: Defining the Atomic Scattering Factormentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introduction: Defining the Atomic Scattering Factormentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

X-Ray Interactions: Photoabsorption, Scattering, Transmission, and Reflection at E = 50-30,000 eV, Z = 1-92

Henke

Gullikson

Davis

1993

Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables

5,660

166

3,132

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Compilation of photon cross-sections: some historical remarks and current status

Hubbell¹

1999

X-Ray Spectrom.

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In x‐ray diffraction spectrometry as well as in the many other scientific, engineering and medical disciplines involving photon radiation, x‐ray attenuation coefficients are required as input data. Within a very few years after the discovery of x‐rays by Röntgen in 1895, the transmission of a narrow (parallel) beam of x‐rays through layers of different materials was measured and quantified with respect to photon (x‐ray) energy and atomic number of the material by Barkla and Sadler in 1907. This quantification is in terms of the mass attenuation (or absorption) coefficient µ/ρ (cm2 g−1) which for monoenergetic photons can be defined as or in which x is the mass thickness of the layer in units of g cm−2, I0 is the intensity (e.g. photons cm−2 s−1) of the incident beam, I is the intensity of the transmitted beam (measured with the layer interposed), ρ is the density of the layer in g cm−3 and µ is the linear attenuation (or absorption, µ*) coefficient in cm−1. Current compilations of µ/ρ are derived from theoretical or semi‐empirical values of the most‐probable individual processes according to in which σpe is the atomic photoeffect cross‐section, σincoh> and σcoh are the incoherent (Compton) and coherent (Rayleigh) scattering cross‐sections, respectively, σpair and σtrip are the cross‐sections for electron–positron pair production (creation) in the field of the nucleus and in the field of the atomic electrons (‘triplet’ production), respectively, and the factor 1/uA, where u is the atomic mass unit and A is the relative atomic mass of the target element, converts the σi units from cm2 per atom to cm2 g−1. Since σpair and σtrip have thresholds above 1 MeV, these do not affect the XRS photon energy region, nor does the photonuclear cross‐section σph.n. which has threshold of 5 MeV or higher and is not included in current µ/ρ compilations. In this brief and arbitrarily selective review, a historical account is given of the evolving compilations of µ/ρ from Barkla and Sadler’s work at the beginning of this century, up to the NIST and Livermore compilations as this century comes to its close. For the latter compilations of µ/ρ, some rough estimates of the ‘envelope of uncertainty’ in different ranges of photon energy are given. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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100 Jahre Bohrsches Atommodell

Schwarz

2013

Angewandte Chemie

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XXXVII. Secondary x-rays and the atomic weight of nickel

Cited by 24 publications

References 1 publication

X-Ray Interactions: Photoabsorption, Scattering, Transmission, and Reflection at E = 50-30,000 eV, Z = 1-92

X-Ray Interactions: Photoabsorption, Scattering, Transmission, and Reflection at E = 50-30,000 eV, Z = 1-92

Compilation of photon cross-sections: some historical remarks and current status

100 Jahre Bohrsches Atommodell

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