Y-27632 Impairs Angiogenesis on Extra-Embryonic Vasculature in Post-Gastrulation Chick Embryos

Abstract

Y-27632 inhibits Rho-associated coiled-coil-containing protein kinase (ROCK) signaling, which is involved in various embryonic developmental processes, including angiogenesis, by controlling actin cytoskeleton assembly and cell contractility. Administration of Y-27632 impairs cytoskeletal arrangements in post-gastrulation chick embryos, leading to ventral body wall defects (VBWDs). Impaired angiogenesis has been hypothesized to contribute to VBWDs. ROCK is essential in transmitting signals downstream of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). VEGF-mediated angiogenesis induces gene expressions and alterations of the actin cytoskeleton upon binding to VEGF receptors (VEGFRs). The aim of this study was to investigate effects of Y-27632 on angiogenesis in post-gastrulation chick embryos during early embryogenesis. After 60 h incubation, embryos in shell-less culture were treated with Y-27632 or vehicle for controls. Y-27632-treated embryos showed reduced extra-embryonic blood vessel formation with impaired circulation of the yolk sac, confirmed by fractal analysis. Western blot confirmed impaired ROCK downstream signaling by decreased expression of phosphorylated myosin light chain. Interestingly, RT-PCR demonstrated increased gene expression of VEGF and VEGFR-2 1 h post-treatment. Protein levels of VEGF were higher in Y-27632-treated embryos at 8 h following treatment, whereas no difference was seen in membranes. We hypothesize that administration of Y-27632 impairs vessel formation during angiogenesis, which may contribute to failure of VWB closure, causing VBWDs.

Rho kinase inhibitor Y-27632 downregulates IL-1β expression in mice with experimental autoimmune myocarditis

“…Y-27632, a potent and specific Rho kinase (ROCK) inhibitor, inhibits both ROCK I and ROCK II 10 . It also plays an important role in cardiovascular disease and stem cell culture 11 , 12 and is involved in a variety of biological processes, including cell proliferation, adhesion, apoptosis, cell cycle regulation, and angiogenesis 13 , 14 . ROCKs are aberrantly expressed in a variety of cardiovascular diseases, including cardiac hypertrophy, atherosclerosis, ischemic heart disease, systemic hypertension, and pulmonary hypertension 15 , 16 .…”

ROCK inhibitor Y-27632 down-regulates Il-1β expression in mice with experimental autoimmune myocarditis

“…On the one hand, Y-27632 plays an important role in cardiovascular disease and stem cell culture [9,10]. On the other hand, it is involved in a variety of biological processes including cell proliferation, adhesion, apoptosis, cycle regulation and angiogenesis [11,12]. ROCKs are aberrantly expressed in a variety of cardiovascular diseases, such as cardiac hypertrophy, atherosclerosis, ischemic heart disease, systemic hypertension and pulmonary hypertension [13,14].…”