Y balance test: Are we doing it right?

Fusco, Andrea; Giancotti, Giuseppe Francesco; Fuchs, Philip X.; Wagner, Herbert; Silva, Rubens Alexandre da; Cortis, Cristina

doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2019.09.016

Cited by 30 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Regarding the selected anthropometrics, only body height and lower limb length had an influence on the WB performance. Previous studies reported that body height and lower limb length should be considered during balance assessment [ 4 , 24 ], while mainly focused on reaching tests for normalization purposes. To the best of our knowledge, there are no studies that investigated the direct impact of lower limb length on balance performances assessed on computerized WB.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dynamic and continuous information from the vestibular, visual and proprioceptive systems are required to provide neuromuscular adjustments essential to keep the human body center of mass within the base of support. Balance control is directly influenced by the sensorial information received and indirectly by previous injuries [ 2 ], range of motion (ROM) [ 3 ], anthropometric characteristics [ 4 ], side-general and site-specific limb effects [ 5 ], and training [ 6 , 7 ]. Among several documented injuries that might influence the balance performances, ankle sprains and consequent residual symptoms such as the development of chronic ankle instability (CAI), are the most recurrent in sports, military and occupational settings, and generally in physically active people [ 8 , 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A novel approach to measuring wobble board performance in individuals with chronic ankle instability

Fusco

Fuchs

Maio

et al. 2020

Heliyon

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Computerized wobble boards (WB) are used to objectively assess balance in healthy and chronic ankle instability individuals. As in field setting health professionals might not own WB, objective evaluations are not always feasible. Therefore, the aim of this tudy was to investigate the contribution of sagittal plane joints angular-displacement and anthropometrics to predict equations to estimate WB performance by portable two-dimensional motion analysis (2D-MA) and cross-validate the developed equations in chronic ankle instability individuals. Thirty-nine healthy and twenty chronic ankle instability individuals stood on a WB in single stance position. The balance test consisted of three 30s trials per limb keeping the platform flat at 0°. Trials were video recorded, and three time-segments joints angular-displacement analyzed with 2D-MA: segment 1 (T1) including 30s data, segment 2 (T2) from second 0 to 10, segment 3 (T3) only the first 5s. Mixed regression for multilevel models was used to estimate WB performance for each time-segment and to examine limb differences for the predicted WB performance in chronic ankle instability sample. The accuracy of the equations to detect injured limbs was calculated via area under the curve for receiver operating characteristic. Ankle and knee angular-displacement parameters, body height and lower limb length were the major predictors of WB performance for the extrapolated models (p < 0.05; R 2 = 0.83–0.56). The measured WB performance and T1 model showed significant (p < 0.05) performance differences between the injured and uninjured limbs. Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed an asymptotic significance of 0.03 for T1 equation with area under the curve of 0.70. The proposed models provide different methods to quantify the performance and accurately detect the injured limb in individuals with unilateral chronic ankle instability, when measuring balance via WB might not be feasible. App-makers may use the equations to provide an automatic all-in-one system to monitor the performance status and progress.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel approach to measuring wobble board performance in individuals with chronic ankle instability

Fusco

Fuchs

Maio

et al. 2020

Heliyon

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Further, left and right leg length (cm) were assessed by measuring the distance from the anterior superior iliac spine to the most distal aspect of the medial malleolus using a cloth tape with the participant lying supine [19]. In accordance to Fusco et al [8], trunk length was calculated as the difference between body height and LL and relative lower limb length was determined using LL divided by body height and then multiplied by 100.…”

Section: Assessment Of Anthropometric Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Y-Balance-Test (YBT) represents a field-based test [1,2] assessing i) dynamic balance performance when applied to lower extremities (YBT-LQ) [3] and ii) shoulder mobility/stability when applied to upper extremities (YBT-UQ) [4]. Both testing procedures have widely been used in previous literature to determine influencing factors such as age [5,6], sex [6,7], anthropometric characteristics [8,9], limb dominance/strength [4,10], and previous injuries [11,12] and to detect performance differences in different cohorts [3,[13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discriminative validity of the lower and upper quarter Y balance test performance: a comparison between healthy trained and untrained youth

Schwiertz

Beurskens

Muehlbauer

2020

BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil

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Background The Lower (YBT-LQ) and Upper (YBT-UQ) Quarter Y Balance Test have been widely used for the assessment of dynamic balance and shoulder mobility/stability, respectively. However, investigations on the validity of the two tests in youth are lacking. Therefore, we performed two studies to determine discriminative validity of the YBT-LQ (study 1) and the YBT-UQ (study 2) in healthy youth. Methods Sixty-nine male soccer players (age: 14.4 ± 1.9 yrs) and 69 age-matched untrained male subjects (14.3 ± 1.6 yrs) participated in study 1 and 37 young swimmers (age: 12.3 ± 2.1 yrs) as well as 37 age−/sex-matched individuals (age: 12.5 ± 2.0 yrs) took part in study 2. Absolute (cm) and relative (% leg/arm length) maximal reach distances per reach direction and the composite score of the YBT-LQ/UQ were used as outcome measures. One-way analysis of variance and the receiver operator characteristic curve analysis (i.e., calculating the area under the curve [AUC]) were conducted to assess discriminative validity. Results Concerning the relative values, youth athletes showed significantly better YBT-LQ (study 1: p < 0.001, d = 0.86–1.21) and YBT-UQ (study 2: p < 0.001, d = 0.88–1.48) test performances compared to age- and sex-matched untrained subjects. Further, AUC-values indicated a chance of ≥74% (YBT-LQ) and ≥ 71% (YBT-UQ) to discriminate between youth athletes and controls. These findings were confirmed when using the absolute data for analysis. Conclusions According to our results, the YBT-LQ and the YBT-UQ seem to be useful test instruments to discriminate trained and untrained healthy youth performance for dynamic balance and shoulder mobility/stability, respectively.

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“…The Y-Balance-Test (YBT) represents a eld-based test [1,2] assessing i) dynamic balance performance when applied to lower extremities (YBT-LQ) [3] and ii) shoulder mobility/stability when applied to upper extremities (YBT-UQ) [4]. Both testing procedures have widely been used in previous literature to determine in uencing factors such as age [5,6], sex [6,7], anthropometric characteristics [8,9], limb dominance/strength [4,10], and previous injuries [11,12] and to detect performance differences in different cohorts [3,[13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discriminative validity of the Lower and Upper Quarter Y Balance Test performance: A comparison between healthy trained and untrained youth

Schwiertz

Beurskens

Muehlbauer

2020

Preprint

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Background: The Lower (YBT-LQ) and Upper (YBT-UQ) Quarter Y Balance Test have been widely used for the assessment of dynamic balance and shoulder mobility/stability, respectively. However, investigations on the validity of the two tests in youth are lacking. Therefore, we performed two studies to determine discriminative validity of the YBT-LQ (study 1) and the YBT-UQ (study 2) in healthy youth.Methods: Sixty-nine male soccer players (age: 14.4 ± 1.9 yrs) and 69 age-matched untrained male subjects (14.3 ± 1.6 yrs) participated in study 1 and 37 young swimmers (age: 12.3 ± 2.1 yrs) as well as 37 age-/sex-matched individuals (age: 12.5 ± 2.0 yrs) took part in study 2. Absolute (cm) and relative (% leg/arm length) maximal reach distances per reach direction and the composite score of the YBT-LQ/UQ were used as outcome measures. One-way analysis of variance and the receiver operator characteristic curve analysis (i.e., calculating the area under the curve [AUC]) were conducted to assess discriminative validity.Results: Concerning the relative values, youth athletes showed significantly better YBT-LQ (study 1: p < 0.001, d = 0.86-1.21) and YBT-UQ (study 2: p < 0.001, d = 0.88-1.48) test performances compared to age- and sex-matched untrained subjects. Further, AUC-values indicated a chance of ≥74% (YBT-LQ) and ≥71% (YBT-UQ) to discriminate between youth athletes and controls. These findings were confirmed when using the absolute data for analysis.Conclusions: According to our results, the YBT-LQ and the YBT-UQ seem to be useful test instruments to discriminate trained and untrained healthy youth performance for dynamic balance and shoulder mobility/stability, respectively.

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Y balance test: Are we doing it right?

Cited by 30 publications

References 25 publications

A novel approach to measuring wobble board performance in individuals with chronic ankle instability

A novel approach to measuring wobble board performance in individuals with chronic ankle instability

Discriminative validity of the lower and upper quarter Y balance test performance: a comparison between healthy trained and untrained youth

Discriminative validity of the Lower and Upper Quarter Y Balance Test performance: A comparison between healthy trained and untrained youth

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