Y-Chromosomal DNA Variation in Pakistan

Qamar, Raheel; Ayub, Qasim; Mohyuddin, Aisha; Helgason, Agnar; Mazhar, Kehkashan; Mansoor, Atika; Zerjal, Tatiana; Tyler‐Smith, Chris; Mehdi, S. Qasim

doi:10.1086/339929

Cited by 216 publications

(220 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…SNP markers were given a weight of 99, to reflect the virtual absence of backmutations, while the more rapidly mutating STRs were given weights from 1 to 5 depending on their variance within haplogroups in our population, as described elsewhere. 14 The criteria to identify and characterise descent clusters within surnames were defined following the exploration of our dataset. Thus, a numerical and neutral approach was used to define the descent clusters criteria, instead of establishing ad hoc rules based on the observation of the data as performed in the previous British and Irish studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between surname frequency and Y chromosome variation in Spain

et al. 2015

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In most societies, surnames are passed down from fathers to sons, just like the Y chromosome. It follows that, theoretically, men sharing the same surnames would also be expected to share related Y chromosomes. Previous investigations have explored such relationships, but so far, the only detailed studies that have been conducted are on samples from the British Isles. In order to provide additional insights into the correlation between surnames and Y chromosomes, we focused on the Spanish population by analysing Y chromosomes from 2121 male volunteers representing 37 surnames. The results suggest that the degree of coancestry within Spanish surnames is highly dependent on surname frequency, in overall agreement with British but not Irish surname studies. Furthermore, a reanalysis of comparative data for all three populations showed that Irish surnames have much greater and older surname descent clusters than Spanish and British ones, suggesting that Irish surnames may have considerably earlier origins than Spanish or British ones. Overall, despite closer geographical ties between Ireland and Britain, our analysis points to substantial similarities in surname origin and development between Britain and Spain, while possibly hinting at unique demographic or social events shaping Irish surname foundation and development.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between surname frequency and Y chromosome variation in Spain

et al. 2015

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“…25 Phylogenetic networks were constructed to investigate the genetic relationships within haplogroup R1b1-P25 using the software Network 4.6.0.0 (http:// www.fluxus-engineering.com/sharenet.htm) with sequential application of the reduced median 26 and the median-joining 27 methods to resolve extensive reticulation. Differential microsatellite weighting (inversely proportional to variance) was applied to obtain the most parsimonious network in accordance with Qamar et al 28 Levene's test was used to assess the homogeneity of variances in IBM SPSS Statistics, version 19.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The genetic landscape of Equatorial Guinea and the origin and migration routes of the Y chromosome haplogroup R-V88

et al. 2012

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Human Y chromosomes belonging to the haplogroup R1b1-P25, although very common in Europe, are usually rare in Africa. However, recently published studies have reported high frequencies of this haplogroup in the central-western region of the African continent and proposed that this represents a 'back-to-Africa' migration during prehistoric times. To obtain a deeper insight into the history of these lineages, we characterised the paternal genetic background of a population in Equatorial Guinea, a Central-West African country located near the region in which the highest frequencies of the R1b1 haplogroup in Africa have been found to date. In our sample, the large majority (78.6%) of the sequences belong to subclades in haplogroup E, which are the most frequent in Bantu groups. However, the frequency of the R1b1 haplogroup in our sample (17.0%) was higher than that previously observed for the majority of the African continent. Of these R1b1 samples, nine are defined by the V88 marker, which was recently discovered in Africa. As high microsatellite variance was found inside this haplogroup in Central-West Africa and a decrease in this variance was observed towards Northeast Africa, our findings do not support the previously hypothesised movement of Chadic-speaking people from the North across the Sahara as the explanation for these R1b1 lineages in Central-West Africa. The present findings are also compatible with an origin of the V88-derived allele in the Central-West Africa, and its presence in North Africa may be better explained as the result of a migration from the south during the mid-Holocene.

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“…22 For J1* chromosomes, the network included the following nine loci: DYS19, DYS388, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393 and DYS439. With the exclusion of DYS388, the same eight STR loci were also used to construct a network for haplogroup J1e-affiliated chromosomes.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The emergence of Y-chromosome haplogroup J1e among Arabic-speaking populations

Chiaroni

King

Myres³

et al. 2009

Eur J Hum Genet

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Haplogroup J1 is a prevalent Y-chromosome lineage within the Near East. We report the frequency and YSTR diversity data for its major sub-clade (J1e). The overall expansion time estimated from 453 chromosomes is 10 000 years. Moreover, the previously described J1 (DYS388¼13) chromosomes, frequently found in the Caucasus and eastern Anatolian populations, were ancestral to J1e and displayed an expansion time of 9000 years. For J1e, the Zagros/Taurus mountain region displays the highest haplotype diversity, although the J1e frequency increases toward the peripheral Arabian Peninsula. The southerly pattern of decreasing expansion time estimates is consistent with the serial drift and founder effect processes. The first such migration is predicted to have occurred at the onset of the Neolithic, and accordingly J1e parallels the establishment of rain-fed agriculture and semi-nomadic herders throughout the Fertile Crescent. Subsequently, J1e lineages might have been involved in episodes of the expansion of pastoralists into arid habitats coinciding with the spread of Arabic and other Semitic-speaking populations.

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Y-Chromosomal DNA Variation in Pakistan

Cited by 216 publications

References 34 publications

The relationship between surname frequency and Y chromosome variation in Spain

The relationship between surname frequency and Y chromosome variation in Spain

The genetic landscape of Equatorial Guinea and the origin and migration routes of the Y chromosome haplogroup R-V88

The emergence of Y-chromosome haplogroup J1e among Arabic-speaking populations

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